Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid Compared to Traditional Conservative Treatment in Dogs with Osteoarthritis Associated with Hip Dysplasia

Figure 1

Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI) scores (a), Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) scores referring to total pain scores (TPS) (b), pain severity scores (PSS) (c), pain interference scores (PIS) (d), and the scores evaluated by the veterinarian (e) prior to treatment (i.e., baseline) and over time in dogs treated with intra-articular hyaluronic acid (Hyal, ) or traditional conservative treatment (Control, ). different from baseline values. ^#Significantly different from Control group. ANOVA with posttest Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test ().

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