Morphine Antidependence of Erythroxylum cuneatum (Miq.) Kurz in Neurotransmission Processes In Vitro

Figure 5

Expression of synaptotagmin 1 for pre- and cotreatments of morphine. The bar chart shows the expression of synaptotagmin 1 presented by the percentage changes over control for pre- and cotreatments of morphine. The expression of synaptotagmin 1 was observed to be downregulated prior to the treatment of morphine alone, insignificantly different to control, methadone, and E. cuneatum. The treatment of methadone and E. cuneatum was normalising the inhibited expression of synaptotagmin 1. Seven independent experiments were carried out and the data represent the mean percentage of over control ± SEM. Statistical analysis was carried out using Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. (EC: E. cuneatum; 0.1 = 0.1 μg/mL; 0.5 = 0.5 μg/mL; 1.0 = 1.0 μg/mL.)