Research Article

Iyengar-Yoga Compared to Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention during (Neo)adjuvant Therapy in Women with Stage I–III Breast Cancer: Health-Related Quality of Life, Mindfulness, Spirituality, Life Satisfaction, and Cancer-Related Fatigue

Table 3

Mean values for variables per time measurement (ITT dataset).

VariablesYIPEIYI versus PEI
value
to
value
, ,
value
to
value
, ,
Mean values (±SD)Mean values (±SD) value

Health-related quality of life: EORTC’s functional scales
Global health 57.39 (±20.50)60.37 (±17.95)75.00 (±13.05) 0.862 <0.000156.91 (±22.40)58.33 (±21.13)73.04 (±16.04) 0.739 <0.00010.6110.553
Physical functioning113.33 (±14.87)113.33 (±18.85)114.96 (±12.72) 0.1820.767108.00 (±17.79)108.08 (±21.66)112.34 (±13.96) 0.612 0.1700.2580.309
Role functioning82.19 (±23.40)90.00 (±22.01)104.81 (±19.98) 0.013<0.000179.62 (±29.27)90.42 (±38.50)109.57 (±21.63) 0.106<0.00010.6250.161
Emotional functioning92.05 (±23.07)94.25 (±22.24)103.51 (±15.53) 0.018 0.01883.69 (±25.02)85.17 (±26.42)104.78 (±19.71)<0.0001 <0.00010.1680.032
Cognitive functioning108.91 (±21.00)102.22 (±21.78)111.48 (±17.70) 0.144 0.134100.72 (±26.28)98.22 (±28.28)106.02 (±22.90) 0.602 0.0070.6010.277
Social functioning89.77 (±26.46)86.66 (±28.99)102.59 (±17.02) 0.739 0.01191.67 (±28.05)91.84 (±32.20)105.31 (±20.29) 0.732 0.0080.4230.302

Health-related quality of life: EORTC’s symptom scales/items
Fatigue15.90 (22.01)18.51 (±26.90)4.19 (±17.12) 0.732 0.00220.53 (±26.60)17.49 (±30.71)2.36 (±19.09) 0.612 0.0010.9060.408
Nausea and vomiting−21.59 (±18.53)−22.22 (±17.76)−22.59 (±14.71) 0.808 0.924−20.21 (±23.55)−24.11 (±18.32)−26.59 (±12.36) 0.197 0.4570.5710.157
Pain1.13 (±29.28)2.96 (±30.41)−4.81 (±20.90) 0.853 0.036−0.37 (±30.46)1.41 (±33.48)−0.35 (±23.17) 0.433 0.7950.6840.347
Dyspnea−9.85 (±24.46)34.07 (±28.85)42.22 (±25.02)<0.0001 <0.0001−2.89 (±30.49)32.62 (±34.39)43.26 (±29.41) <0.0001<0.00010.9480.589
Sleep disturbance18.18 (±29.16)22.96 (±30.83)24.22 (±32.87) 0.480 0.03014.18 (33.86)16.31 (±33.95)29.07 (±32.31) 0.622 0.0430.3280.034
Appetite loss−14.39 (±29.11)42.96 (±31.48)57.77 (±16.51)<0.0001<0.0001−8.51 (±32.20)47.51 (±30.88)60.99 (±12.66)<0.0001<0.00010.3690.359
Constipation−18.93 (±20.83)54.07 (±22.79)57.03 (±15.27)<0.0001 <0.0001−8.51 (±32.20)48.93 (±26.78)59.57 (±15.44)<0.0001 <0.00010.3690.308
Diarrhea−21.21 (±26.01)49.62 (±26.22)57.03 (±16.85)<0.0001 <0.0001−25.36 (±20.10)52.48 (±23.81)55.31 (±19.99)<0.0001 <0.00010.6360.825

Other health-related variables
Cancer-related fatigue (CFS-D)19.87 (±10.09)21.04 (±9.91)17.60 (±6.05) 0.763 0.05223.30 (±10.51)24.32 (±10.63)18.59 (±7.08) 0.180 0.0130.1680.431
Life satisfaction (BMLSS)71.16 (±16.62)72.79 (±15.74)77.63 (±11.13) 0.366 0.02968.68 (±16.23)69.12 (±13.83)77.18 (±9.52) 0.366 <0.00010.0850.087

Spirituality
Mindfulness (FMI)1.93 (±0.50)1.96 (±0.50)1.98 (±0.31) 0.639 0.3641.78 (±0.47)1.80 (±0.45)1.90 (±0.28) 0.881 0.2140.0410.034
Spiritual search (SpREUK)42.20 (±28.66)45.33 (±26.57)41.66 (18.37) 0.250 0.54134.68 (±25.28)40.00 (±28.85)40.10 (±22.10) 0.009 0.1160.3470.953
Religious trust (SpREUK)50.69 (±25.78)54.22 (±23.95)55.33 (±19.49) 0.040 0.24651.81 (±34.45)55.42 (±33.61)49.47 (±26.52) 0.024 0.0430.7360.245
Reflection (SpREUK)62.90 (±26.66)66.22 (±26.88)62.33 (±19.17) 0.002 0.05564.36 (±22.08)66.38 (±20.34)64.46 (±14.93)0.150 0.5140.5390.574

Higher scores = higher symptoms.