Flavonoids Extraction from Propolis Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Table 3

Echocardiography data after ISO-induced hypertrophy.

	Saline		TFP
	CT ()	ISO ()	CT ()	ISO ()
LVIDs (mm)	2.09 0.31	3.01 0.28	2.11 0.21	2.25 0.35
LVIDd (mm)	3.60 0.56	4.34 0.34	3.72 0.42	3.95 0.51
LVVs (L)	14.29 3.17	35.3 8.04	18.35 4.20	17.26 5.12
LVVd (L)	54.28 10.63	84.74 19.28	63.89 13.11	76.44 14.51
EF (%)	75.23 8.34	58.34 5.91	71.28 11.55	77.42 10.01
FS (%)	43.20 6.03	30.58 4.67	39.94 6.98	45.76 9.20
SV (L)	39.99 11.56	49.44 12.64	45.55 13.11	59.18 10.03

LVIDs, left ventricular internal diameter at systolic phase; LVIDd, left ventricular internal diameter at diastolic phase; LVVs, left ventricle end-systolic volume; LVVd, left ventricle end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; FS, fractional shortening; SV, stroke volume. All measurements are means SE. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA ( 0.05 compared to saline controls; 0.05 compared to ISO-induced saline-treated animals).