Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Review Article

Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicine as an Adjunctive Therapy on in-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of 15 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria.


Author (year)	Cases T/C	Age (years) range, mean	Sex M/F	Intervention		Duration	Main outcomes
Author (year)	Cases T/C	Age (years) range, mean	Sex M/F	Experimental group	Control group	Duration	Main outcomes

Deng and Wang 2000 [18]	80/80	NS	T: 59/21, C: 54/26	MRD (100 mL, po, bid) + basic treatment	Basic treatment	NS	In-hospital mortality, time of kidney recovery

Jiang 2012 [27]	15/15	T: 77.4, C: 78.6	T: 10/5, C: 11/4	Jishengshenqiwan pills (90–110 g, po, qd) + basic treatment + CRRT	Basic treatment + CRRT	2 weeks	In-hospital mortality

Li 2014 [31]	49/49	T: 42.2, C: 45.96	T: 28/21, C: 25/24	MRD (50 mL, po, bid) + basic treatment + RRT	Basic treatment + RRT	14 days	Overall efficacy, time of kidney recovery

Luo and Yuan 2013 [30]	20/20	T: 30–53, C: 31–59	T: 13/7, C: 11/9	MRD (200 mL, pr, qd) + basic treatment	Basic treatment	15 days	Overall efficacy

Pan et al. 2009 [24]	22/20	T: 45, C: 47	T: 13/9, C: 12/8	XBJ injection (50 mL, ivgtt, bid) + basic treatment + RRT	Basic treatment + RRT	15 days	In-hospital mortality, overall efficacy, time of kidney recovery

Ru 2013 [28]	38/38	T: 43.83, C: 42.70	T: 22/16, C: 21/17	XBJ injection (50 mL, ivgtt, bid) + basic treatment + RRT	Basic treatment + RRT	2 weeks	In-hospital mortality, overall efficacy

Sun et al. 2001 [19]	21/22	T: 38.6, C: 35.7	T: 14/7, C: 15/7	Huangqi injection (20–30 mL, ivgtt, qd) + basic treatment + RRT	Basic treatment + RRT	2 weeks	In-hospital mortality

Sun et al. 2007 [22]	34/30	T: 38.2, C: 39.1	T: 18/16, C: 17/13	Modified XBJ injection (100 mL, ivgtt, qd) + basic treatment + RRT	Basic treatment + RRT	NS	In-hospital mortality, overall efficacy, time of kidney recovery

Wang 2010 [25]	30/30	T: 54.67, C: 54.7	T: 17/13, C: 18/12	MRD (100 mL, pr, qd) + basic treatment	Basic treatment	1 week	In-hospital mortality, overall efficacy

Wen and Liu 2003 [20]	62/62	T: 17–65, C: 16–63	T: 41/21, C: 39/23	MRD (100 mL, po, qd) + basic treatment + RRT	Basic treatment + RRT	2 weeks	In-hospital mortality, overall efficacy, time of kidney recovery

Wu et al. 2014 [32]	26/22	T: 65, C: 62	T: 20/6, C: 15/7	Dongchongxiacao capsules (2-3 g, po, tid) + basic treatment	Basic treatment	2 weeks	Time of kidney recovery

Yang 2007 [23]	34/30	T: 38.2, C: 42.70	T: 18/16, C: 17/13	XBJ injection (50 mL, ivgtt, bid) + basic treatment + RRT	Basic treatment + RRT	NS	In-hospital mortality, overall efficacy, time of kidney recovery

Yu et al. 2010 [26]	25/27	T: 68.49, C: 69.37	T: 16/9, C: 19/8	Qishen Huoxue granule (10 g, po, tid) + CRRT	CRRT	14 days	In-hospital mortality

Zhang and Mao 2003 [21]	33/32	T: 38.12, C: 37.56	T: 25/8, C: 23/9	MRD (2–4 g, po, tid) + basic treatment + RRT	Basic treatment + RRT	4 weeks	In-hospital mortality, overall efficacy, time of kidney recovery

Zhu and Tang 2014 [29]	41/41	T: 49.2, C: 48.90	T: 28/13, C: 26/15	XBJ injection (50 mL, ivgtt, bid) + basic treatment + RRT	Basic treatment + RRT	7 days	In-hospital mortality, overall efficacy, time of kidney recovery

T: treatment group; C: control group; M: male; F: female; NS: no state; MRD: modified rhubarb decoction; XBJ: Xuebijing; basic treatment: remove the cause + maintain water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance + prevent infection + nutrition support; RRT: renal replacement therapy; CRRT: continuous renal replacement therapy.