Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Oil and Its Active Constituent Linalyl Acetate Alleviate Pain and Urinary Residual Sense after Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Figure 1

Effects of lavender or linalyl acetate inhalation on VAS pain scores in (a) all patients, (b) patients who were not treated with antihypertensive drugs (nonhypertensives) and were treated with antihypertensive drugs (hypertensives), and (c) patients who underwent laparoscopic and robotic operations. Results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean, with differences compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test or Wilcoxon’s rank sum test. versus control, versus control undergoing robotic surgery, versus lavender undergoing robotic surgery, , , and . VAS: visual analog scale.

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