Commercial Essential Oils as Potential Antimicrobials to Treat Skin Diseases

Table 2

Pathogens responsible for infectious skin diseases.

Skin disease	Anatomical structure affected by infection	Responsible pathogens	Reference
Bacterial infections
Abscesses	Skin and subcutaneous tissue	Staphylococcus aureus; methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)	[101]
Acne	Sebum glands	Propionibacterium acnes; S. epidermidis	[8, 102]
Actinomycosis	Skin and subcutaneous tissue	Actinomyces israelii	[5]
Boils/carbuncles and furuncles	Hair follicles	S. aureus	[8]
Bromodosis (foot odour)	Epidermis/cutaneous	Brevibacterium spp.; P. acnes	[6, 103]
Cellulitis	Subcutaneous fat	β-Hemolyticstreptococci; S. aureus; MRSA	[7, 8, 101]
Ecthyma	Cutaneous	S. aureus; Streptococcus pyogenes	[7]
Erysipelas	Dermis, intradermal	S. pyogenes	[8]
Erythrasma	Epidermis	Corynebacterium minutissimum	[5]
Folliculitis	Hair follicles	S. aureus; MRSA	[8, 101]
Impetigo	Epidermis	S. pyogenes; S. aureus	[8, 104, 105]
Periorbital cellulitis	Subcutaneous fat	Haemophilus influenzae	[106]
Surgical wounds	Skin, fascia, and subcutaneous tissue	Escherichia coli; Enterococcus spp.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; S. aureus	[8]
Necrotizing infections
Necrotizing fasciitis	Skin, fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle	S. pyogenes; anaerobic pathogens	[5, 8, 107]
Gas forming infections	Skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle	Gram-negative and various anaerobes	[5]
Gas gangrene	Skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle	Clostridium spp. (C. perfringens, C. septicum, C. tertium, C. oedematiens, and C. histolyticum)	[5, 8, 107]
Fungal infections
Candidal infections (intertrigo, balanitis, nappy rash, angular cheilitis, and paronychia)	Superficial skin	Candida albicans	[7]
Eumycetoma	Subcutaneous infection	Madurella mycetomatis	[108]
Dermatophytosis (tinea pedis/athlete’s foot, tinea cruris, tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea manuum, and tinea unguium/onychomycosis)	Keratin layer, epidermis	Dermatophytes (Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Trichophyton spp.)	[8]
Seborrheic dermatitis	Subcutaneous infection	Malasseziafurfur	[109]
Tinea/pityriasis versicolor	Superficial skin	M. furfur	[7, 110]
Viral infections
Herpes simplex	Mucocutaneous epidermidis	Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, orofacial disease; HSV type 2, genital infection	[7]
Chicken pox	Mucocutaneous epidermidis	Varicella zoster
Molluscum contagiosum	Prickle cells of epidermidis	Poxvirus
Shingles	Mucocutaneous epidermidis	Herpes zoster
Warts and verrucae	Epidermis	Human papillomavirus	[5, 7]