Transient Expression of Lumbrokinase (PI239) in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Using a Geminivirus-Based Single Replicon System Dissolves Fibrin and Blood Clots

Figure 1

Diagrams of the vectors (pBYR-WT-PI239 and pBYR-LPH-OP-PI239) used in this study. 35S/TEV 5′, CaMV 35S promoter with tobacco mosaic virus 5′ UTR; EXT 3′, tobacco gene extension gene 3′ element; nptII, expression cassette encoding nptII gene for kanamycin resistance; LIR, long intergenic region of BeYDV genome; SIR, short intergenic region of BeYDV genome; C1/C2, BeYDV ORFs C1 and C2, encoding Rep and RepA; LB and RB, the left and right borders of the T-DNA region; 6xHis, hexahistidine tag for Ni-NTA affinity purification; KDEL, ER retention peptide; WT, full-length PI239 with its native signal; LPH-OP, a plant codon-optimized murine monoclonal antibody heavy chain signal peptide (LPH) that was fused to the N-terminal of mature codon-optimized PI239 (OP) sequence.