Nonvitamin, Nonmineral Dietary Supplement Use among Adults with Fibromyalgia: United States, 2007–2012
Table 4
Association of NVNM use to self-reported fibromyalgia diagnosis in two nationally representative samples of adults, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS 2007, = 20,127; and 2012, = 30,672).
(%)
95% CI
Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Odds ratio adjusted for demographics and related factors (95% CI)
p
Odds ratio adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and related factors (95% CI)
Odds ratio adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and related factors + comorbidity (95% CI)
NHIS 2007
NVNM use in the last 30 days
Fibromyalgia
Yes
62 (3.0)
(2.1, 3.9)
3.07 (2.12, 4.45)
<0.0001
2.36 (1.59, 3.51)
<0.0001
2.54 (1.69, 3.83)
<0.0001
2.34 (1.55, 3.52)
<0.0001
No
2561 (97.0)
(96.1, 97.9)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
NVNM use in the last 12 months
Fibromyalgia
Yes
82 (2.8)
(2.0, 3.6)
3.09 (2.19, 4.37)
<0.0001
2.34 (1.58, 3.47)
<0.0001
2.48 (1.67, 3.71)
<0.0001
2.25 (1.51, 3.35)
<0.0001
No
3500 (97.2)
(96.4, 98.0)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
NVNM use ever
Fibromyalgia
Yes
114 (2.7)
(2.1, 3.3)
3.66 (2.66, 5.03)
<0.0001
2.85 (2.02, 4.02)
<0.0001
3.01 (2.13, 4.25)
<0.0001
2.66 (1.85, 3.82)
<0.0001
No
4943 (97.3)
(96.7, 97.9)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
NHIS 2012
NVNM use in the last 30 days
Fibromyalgia
Yes
126 (3.0)
(2.4, 3.6)
2.04 (1.59, 2.61)
<0.0001
1.65 (1.27, 2.14)
0.0002
1.72 (1.33, 2.24)
<0.0001
1.51 (1.15, 2.00)
0.003
No
3994 (97.0)
(96.4, 97.6)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
NVNM use in the last 12 months
Fibromyalgia
Yes
157 (2.9)
(2.4, 3.4)
2.03 (1.62, 2.56)
<0.0001
1.72 (1.34, 2.20)
<0.0001
1.82 (1.42, 2.33)
<0.0001
1.57 (1.21, 2.04)
0.0007
No
5333 (97.1)
(96.6, 97.6)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
NVNM use ever
Fibromyalgia
Yes
204 (2.9)
(2.4, 3.3)
2.17 (1.75, 2.69)
<0.0001
1.84 (1.47, 2.32)
<0.0001
1.92 (1.52, 2.42)
<0.0001
1.59 (1.25, 2.03)
0.0002
No
7034 (97.1)
(96.7, 97.6)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
1.00 (reference)
Boldface indicates statistical significance at ; adjusted for age, sex, race, education, employment, income, geographic location of birth, insurance status (Medicaid, disability, and private), out-of-pocket medical expenses, delayed access to care due to cost, and region (2007); additionally, marital status (2012); additionally adjusted for smoking status, alcohol use, exercise, and BMI (2007); and substance abuse (2012); health conditions include diabetes, kidney disease, gastrointestinal disorder (including ulcer), respiratory conditions, dyslipidemia, liver condition, rheumatoid arthritis, CVD, hypertension, arthritis, gout, migraines, and mental health condition; and self-reported health status.
