A Review on Ethnopharmacological Applications, Pharmacological Activities, and Bioactive Compounds of Mangifera indica (Mango)

Table 2

Some common phytochemicals isolated from M. indica and their reported biological activities.

Reported pharmacological effects of pure compounds/ crude extracts of M. indica	Compounds responsible for reported pharmacological activity	Part(s) used to isolate
Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects [53–56, 99–116]	29-Hydroxy mangiferonic acid	Bark [117], resin [59]
	3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid)	Bark [118], fruit peel [30]
	Catechin	Bark [118] and leaves [119]
	Elemene	Flower [60], leaves [60], and bark [120]
	Epigallocatechin gallate	Leaves [119], bark [121]
	Ethyl gallate	Flower [60]
	Friedelin	Bark [59, 60]
	Gallic acid	Seed [122], bark [118]
	Humulene	Leaf and flower [60]
	Kaempferol	Fruit [56–58]
	Linalool	Flowers [60], leaves [60], and fruits [123]
	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, and fruit [17, 54, 55]
	Methyl gallate	Flower [60]
	Mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester	Bark [51]
	N-octyl gallate	Flower [60]
	N-propyl gallate	Flower [60]
	Quercetin	Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115], and leaves [113–115]
	β-carotene	Fruit [61]
Anti-inflammatory effects [53–56, 112, 124–128]	5-(11′Z-Heptadecenyl)-resorcinol and 5-(8′Z, 11′Z-heptadecadienyl)-resorcinol	Fruit [124]
	Epigallocatechin gallate	Leaves [119], bark [121]
	Friedelin	Bark [59, 60]
	Gallic acid	Seed [122], bark [118]
	Humulene	Leaf and flower [60]
	Kaempferol	Fruit [56–58]
	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
	Shikimic acid	Bark [61], fruit [129]
Antioxidant effects [53–56, 104, 106, 130–134]	3,4-Dihydroxy benzoic acid (protocatechuic acid)	Bark [118], fruit peel [30]
	Catechin	Bark [118] and leaves [119]
	Ethyl gallate	Flower [60]
	Gallic acid	Seed [122] bark [118]
	Kaempferol	Fruit [56–58]
	Linalool	Flowers [60], leaves [60], fruits [123]
	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
	Methyl gallate	Flower [60]
	N-octyl gallate	Flower [60]
	N-propyl gallate	Flower [60]
	Quercetin	Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115] and leaves [113–115]
	Shikimic acid	Bark [61], fruit [135]
	β-carotene	Fruit [61]
Antibacterial effects [51, 53–56, 106, 113–115, 118, 136–142]	3,4-Dihydroxy benzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid)	Bark [118], fruit peel [30]
	3-Chloro-N-(2-phenylethyl) propanamide	Bark [51]
	9,12-Tetradecadiene-1-ol-acetate	Bark [51]
	Benzoic acid	Bark [118]
	Catechin	Bark [118] and leaves [119]
	Gallic acid	Seed [122] bark [118]
	Kaempferol	Fruit [56–58]
	Linalool	Flowers [60], leaves [60], fruits [139]
	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
	Methyl gallate	Flower [60]
	N-Heneicosane	Bark [60]
	N-Propyl gallate	Flower [60]
	Quercetin	Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115] and leaves [113–115]
Antifungal effects [113–115, 143–147]	Benzoic acid	Bark [118]
	Catechin	Bark [118] and leaves [119]
	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
	Nerol	Leaf and flower [60]
	N-Pentyl gallate	Flower [60]
	N-Propyl gallate	Flower [60]
	Quercetin	Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115] and leaves [113–115]
Antiviral effects [54, 55, 148–151]	Catechin	Bark [118] and leaves [119]
	Isomangiferin	Bark [60] and leaves [152]
	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
	Methyl gallate	Flower [60]
	N-Pentyl gallate	Flower [60]
Antidiabetic effects [54–58, 106, 153]	3,4-Dihydroxy benzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid)	Bark [118], fruit peel [30]
	Gallic acid	Seed [122] bark [118]
	Kaempferol	Fruit [56–58]
	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
Antimalarial activity [51, 54, 55]	3-Chloro-N-(2-phenylethyl) propanamide	Bark [51]
	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
Antiobesity activities [53, 106, 113–116, 154–156]	Epigallocatechin gallate	Leaves [119], bark [121]
	Friedelin	Bark [59, 60]
	Gallic acid	Seed [122] bark [118]
	Mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester	Bark [51]
	Quercetin	Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115] and leaves [113–115]
	β-carotene	Fruit [61]
Immunomodulatory [54, 55, 116]	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
	β-carotene	Fruit [61]
Neuroprotective/analgesic effects/aphrodisiac effects/analgesic [54, 55, 113–115, 126, 157–159]	Friedelin	Bark [59, 60]
	Linalool	Flowers [60], leaves [60], fruits [139]
	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
	Nerol	Leaf and flower [60]
	Quercetin	Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115] and leaves [113–115]
	Ocimene	Flower and leaves [60, 61]
Effects on PC12 tyrosine kinase activity [160]	Catechin	Bark [118] and leaves [119]
Antifibrotic effects [161]	Elemene	Flower [60], leaves [60] and bark [120]
Hemolytic activity [104]	Ethyl gallate	Flower [60]
Antipyretic activity [126]	Friedelin	Bark [59, 60]
Anthelminthic effects [54, 55]	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
Cardioprotective [54, 55]	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
Antiamoebic [54, 55]	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
Antiallergic [54, 55]	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
Bronchodilatory effects [54, 55]	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
Lipolytic effects [54, 55]	Mangiferin	Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55]
Effects on cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes [162]	Mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester	Bark [51]
Inhibitive effects on hyaluronidase and collagenase [163]	N-Octyl gallate	Flower [60]
Nematicidal activity [164]	Ocimene	Flower and leaves [60, 61]
Effects on blood pressure [53, 113–115]	Quercetin	Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115] and leaves [113–115]
Anticoagulant/antithrombotic [165]	Shikimic acid	Bark [61], fruit [129]