Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo: A Review on Its Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Industrialization

Table 2

Chemical components in Dendrobium officinale.

Number	Compounds	PubChem CID	Ref.
Phenanthrenes
1	2,3,4,7-Tetramethoxyphenanthrene		[52]
2	2,5-Dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene		[52]
3	1,5-Dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetramethoxyphenanthrene		[52]
4	2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene	21678577	[41]
5	Denbinobin	10423984	[41]
6	Erianin	356759	[53]
7	1,5,7-Trimethoxyphenanthrene-2,6-diol	11779542	[52]
8	3,4-Dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol	158975	[52]
9	2,4-Dimethoxyphenanthrene-3,5-diol	44445443	[52]
Bibenzyls
10	3,4-Dihydroxy-5,4′-dimethoxybibenzyl		[54]
11	Chrysotobibenzyl	3086528	[53]
12	4′,5-Hydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxybenzyl		[55]
13	3,4′-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl		[41]
14	Dendrocandin A	102476850	[56]
15	Dendrocandin B	91017475	[56]
16	Dendrocandin C	25208514	[56]
17	Dendrocandin D	25208516	[56]
18	Dendrocandin E	25208515	[56]
19	Dendrocandin F		[56]
20	Dendrocandin G		[56]
21	Dendrocandin H		[56]
22	Dendrocandin I	101481782	[56]
23	Dendrocandin J		[56]
24	Dendrocandin K		[56]
25	Dendrocandin L		[56]
26	Dendrocandin M		[56]
27	Dendrocandin N		[56]
28	Dendrocandin O		[56]
29	Dendrocandin P		[56]
30	Dendrocandin Q		[56]
31	4,4′-Dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybibenzyl	442701	[56]
32	4,4′-Dihydroxy-3,3′,5-trimethoxybibenzyl	176096	[56]
33	3,4,4′-Trihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl		[57]
34	Dendromoniliside E		[41]
35	Gigantol	3085362	[54]
Phenols
36	4-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenethyl) phenol		[57]
37	3-(4-Hydroxyphenethyl)-5-methoxyphenol		[57]
38	5-(3-Hydroxyphenethyl)-2-methoxyphenol		[57]
39	4-(4-Hydroxyphenethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol		[57]
40	4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol		[57]
Acids
41	p-Hydroxy-coumaric acid	637542	[55]
42	p-Hydroxybenzene propanoic acid		[55]
43	Hexadecanoic acid	985	[41]
44	Heptadecanoic acid	10465	[41]
45	Syringic acid	10742	[58]
46	Vanillic acid	8468	[58]
47	p-Hydroxy-phenylpropionic acid	10394	[58]
48	Ferulic acid	445858	[58]
49	4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	135	[58]
Esters
50	p-Hydroxyl-trans-cinnamic acid myricyl ester		[41]
51	Trans-ferulic acid octacosyl ester		[41]
52	p-Hydroxyl-cis-cinnamic acid myricyl ester		[41]
53	Dihydroconiferyl dihydro-p-cumarate		[58]
54	Cis-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acrylic acid octacosyl ester		[57]
55	Trans-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acrylic acid octacosyl ester		[57]
56	4-[2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl-6]-oxo-6H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester		[57]
Amides
57	N-Trans-feruloyltyramine	5280537	[55]
58	cis-Feruloyl p-hydroxyphenethylamine		[55]
59	Trans cinnamyl p-hydroxyphenethylamine		[55]
60	N-p-Coumaroyltyramine	5372945	[58]
61	Dihydroferuloyltyramine	90823368	[58]
62	4-Hydroxy-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]benzenepropanamide		[58]
Saccharides and glycosides
63	4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxy phenyl glycosidase		[55]
64	Adenosine	60961	[41]
65	Uridine	6029	[41]
66	Vernine	46780355	[41]
67	Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside	5280704	[59]
68	Icariol-A2-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	6439218	[59]
69	(+)-Syringaresinol-O-β-D-pyranglucose		[59]
70	Dihydrosyringin	71720642	[58]
71	Vicenin 3	44257698	[55]
72	Isoschaftoside	3084995	[55]
73	Schaftoside	442658	[55]
74	Vicenin 2	442664	[55]
75	Apigenin 6-C-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-xylopyranoside		[55]
76	Apigenin 6-C-β-D-xylopyranosyl-8-C-α-L-arabinopyranoside		[55]
77	Vincenin 1	44257662	[55]
78	2-Methoxyphenol-O-β-D-apiofuromosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside		[60]
79	3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-β-D-apiose-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside		[60]
80	Dictamnoside A	44560015	[61]
81	Leonuriside A	14237626	[60]
82	(1′R)-1′-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxylphenyl) propan-1′-ol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside		[60]
83	Syringaresinol-4,4′-O-bis-β-D-glucoside		[60]
84	(+)-Syringaresinol-4-β-D-monoglucoside		[60]
85	(+)-Lyoniresinol-3a-O-β-glucopyranoside		[60]
86	3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxylphenyl-1-O-β-D-pyranglucose		[59]
87	7-Methoxycoumarin-6-O-β-D-pyranglucose		[59]
88	Sucrose	5988	[41]
Essential oils
89	Methyl acetate	6584	[44]
90	Carbon disulfide	6348	[44]
91	Hexane	8058	[44]
92	Ethyl acetate	8857	[44]
93	2-Methyl-propanol	6560	[44]
94	3-Methyl-butanal	11552	[44]
95	2-Methyl-butanal	7284	[44]
96	2-Pentanone	7895	[44]
97	Pentanal	8063	[44]
98	3-Pentanone	7288	[44]
99	3-Methyl-1-butanol	31260	[44]
100	2-Methyl-1-butanol	8723	[44]
101	2-Methyl-3-pentanone	11265	[44]
102	1-Pentanol	6276	[44]
103	(Z)-3-Hexanone		[44]
104	2-Hexanone	11583	[44]
105	Hexanal	6184	[44]
106	(E)-2-Hexenal	5281168	[44]
107	(E)-3-Hexanol		[44]
108	(Z)-3-Hexenol		[44]
109	1-Hexanol	8103	[44]
110	Styrene	7501	[44]
111	(E)-2-Heptenal	5283316	[44]
112	Benzaldehyde	240	[44]
113	1-Heptanol	8129	[44]
114	1-Octen-3-one	61346	[44]
115	1-Octen-3-ol	18827	[44]
116	6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	9862	[44]
117	2-Pentyl-furan	19602	[44]
118	Decane	15600	[44]
119	Octanal	454	[44]
120	(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate	5363388	[44]
121	Hexyl acetate	8908	[44]
122	p-Cymene	7463	[44]
123	Limonene	22311	[44]
124	3-Octen-2-one	15475	[44]
125	(E)-β-Ocimene	5281553	[44]
126	(E)-2-Octenal	5283324	[44]
127	Ethyl benzyl ether	10873	[44]
128	1-Phenyl-ethanone	7410	[44]
129	(E)-2-Nonen-1-ol	5364941	[44]
130	1-Octanol	957	[44]
131	Nonanal	31289	[44]
132	2-Heptenyl acetate	85649	[44]
133	(E)-2-Nonenal	5283335	[44]
134	Nonenol	85445514	[44]
135	2-Terpineol		[44]
136	Dodecane	8182	[44]
137	2-Octenyl acetate		[44]
138	Decyl aldehyde	8175	[44]
139	Benzylacetone	17355	[44]
140	(E)-2-Decenal	5283345	[44]
141	1-Dodecanol	8193	[44]
142	Tridecane	12388	[44]
143	α-Cubebene	86609	[44]
144	β-Bourbonene	62566	[44]
145	Tetradecane	12389	[44]
146	α-Cedrene	442348	[44]
147	Zingiberene	92776	[44]
148	Geranyl acetone	19633	[44]
149	2-Methyl tridecane		[44]
150	AR-Curcumene	92139	[44]
151	Pentadecane	12391	[44]
152	β-Bisabolene	403919	[44]
153	(+)-D-Cadinene	441005	[44]
154	5-Phenyl-decane		[44]
155	4-Phenyl-decane		[44]
156	Hexadecane	11006	[44]
157	α-Cedrol	65575	[44]
158	5-phenyl-undecane		[44]
159	4-phenyl-undecane		[44]
160	Heptadecane	12398	[44]
161	Pristane	15979	[44]
162	6-Phenyl-dodecane	17629	[44]
163	5-Phenyl-dodecane	17630	[44]
164	4-Phenyl-dodecane	17631	[44]
165	6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone	10408	[44]
166	Butyl phthalate	3026	[44]
167	Isobutyl phthalate	6782	[44]
168	Sandaracopimaradiene	440909	[44]
169	Hentriacontanol	68345	[62]
170	Citronellol	8842	[55]
171	Citrusin C	3084296	[59]
172	Coniferyl alcohol	1549095	[55]
Others
173	2,6-Dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione		[63]
174	(24R)-6-β-Hydroxy-24-ethlcholest-4-en-3-one		[63]
175	Dendroflorin	44418788	[63]
176	Friedelin	91472	[63]
177	3-Ethoxy-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-phenanthra-quinone		[63]
178	β-sitosterol	222284	[62]
179	5-Hydroxymethyl furfural	237332	[41]
180	Syringaldehyde	8655	[58]
181	3-O-Methylgigantol	10108163	[54]
182	Syringaresinol	332426	[55]
183	5α,8α-Epidioxy-24(R)-methylcholesta-6,22-dien-3β-ol		[63]
184	(−)-Secoisolariciresinol	65373	[60]
185	Aduncin	101316879	[41]
186	β-Daucosterol	5742590	[62]
187	(−)-Loliolide	12311356	[41]
188	Naringenin	932	[61]
189	3′,5,5′,7-Tetrahydroxyflavanone		[61]
190	Dihydrogen resveratrol		[41]