|
| Author | Year | Location | M/F | Age, y | Treatment group | Control group | Follow-up |
| T | C | T | C |
|
| Lee et al. | 2003 | Korea | 10/19 | 13/16 | 55.8 ± 6.3 | 57.1 ± 7.6 | Shuxinpingxue gong 30 min/d | Wait-list control | 10 wk |
| Lee et al. | 2004 | Korea | 8/9 | 6/13 | 52.6 ± 5.1 | 54.3 ± 5.5 | Shuxinpingxue gong 30 min/d | Wait-list control | 8 wk |
| Cheung et al. | 2005 | China | 21/26 | 16/25 | 57.2 ± 9.5 | 51.2 ± 7.4 | Guolin qigong 60 min in the morning and 15 min in the evening/d | Conventional exercise: 60 min in the morning and 15 min in the evening/d | 16 wk |
| Xiao et al. | 2016 | China | NA | NA | 65.6 ± 7.8 | NA | Wait-list control | 6 ms |
| Cohen et al. | 2011 | USA | 23/23 | 16/16 | 48.2 ± 1.6 | 48.3 ± 2.4 | Iyengar Yoga; 2 × 70 min/week for 6 weeks + 1 × 70 min/week | Enhanced usual care; 4 × 60 min/week | 12 wk |
| Cohen et al. | 2016 | USA | 22/21 | 24/23 | 47.4 ±13 | 46.1 ± 13 | Semiprivate structured classes, self-practice, community-structured classes | Blood Pressure Education Program | 24 wk |
| Hagins et al. | 2014 | New Zealand | 22/33 | 14/25 | 56.4 ± 9.78 | 52.45 ± 12.19 | Modified Ashtanga Yoga; 2 × 55 min/week + 3 × 20 min/week home practice | Exercise, strengthening, stretching; 2 × 55 min/week + 3 × 20 min/week home practice | 12 wk |
| Nejati et al. | 2015 | Iran | 9/6 | 8/7 | NA | NA | Yoga exercises | Mindfulness-based stress-reduction program | 8 wk |
| McCaffrey et al. | 2005 | Thailand | 10/17 | 9/18 | Me: 56.7 | Me: 56.2 | Yoga; 3 × 63 min/week | Usual care | 8 wk |
| Mourya et al. | 2009 | India | 22/18 | 9/11 | 160.03 ± 5.21 | 158.10 ± 7.12 | Yoga; 2 weeks to learn the breathing exercise technique + homework 2 × 15 min/day | Usual care | 3 ms |
| Murugesan et al. | 2000 | India | NA | NA | 35–65 | Yoga; 6 × 120 min/week | (1) Usual care, f; (2) no treatment | 11 wk |
| Patil et al. | 2014 | India | NA | NA | 68.68 ± 4.97 | 69.17 ± 5.99 | Yoga practice under the supervision of Yoga instructor for six days in a week for one hour daily | Practices for 15–20 min followed by
walking for 35–40 min and rest for 5 min for six days in a week | 3 ms |
| Saptharishi et al. | 2009 | India | 15/10 | 39/17 | 22.5 ± 1.36 | 22.4 ± 1.3 | Yoga; 5 × 30–45 min/week | (1) Usual care; (2) exercise 4 × 50–60 min/week | 8 wk |
| Latha and Kaliappan | 1991 | | NA | NA | NA | NA | Yoga; 17 × twice weekly | Usual care | 6 ms |
| Tolbaños Roche and Mas Hesse | 2014 | Spain | 8/17 | 10/15 | 57.70 ± 7.82 | 57.90 ± 8.67 | Integrative Yoga Therapy | No treatment | 3 ms |
| Wolff et al. | 2016 | Sweden | 44/52 | 48/47 | 64.7 ± 9.2 | 64.8 ± 7.6 | Yoga programme used in the study takes about 15 min to perform and incorporates the following exercises | No treatment | 12 wk |
| Lo et al. | 2012 | Taiwan | 33/25 | 58.47 ± 7.46 | Yang-style Tai Chi exercise programme three times a week | Routine care with no Tai Chi exercise | 8 wk |
| Pan et al. | 2015 | China | 14/10 | 10/6 | 56.371 ± 3.95 | 56.88 ± 3.95 | The 60 min exercise period began with a 10 min warm-up and ended with a 10 min wrap-up | No treatment | 12 wk |
| Sun and Buys | 2015 | China | 19/117 | 29/101 | NA | NA | Participants were taught a variety of meditation techniques by an experienced trainer including breathing, balance, flexibility, concentration, and calming | No treatment | 12 ms |
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