Traditional Mongolian, Traditional Chinese, and Western Medicine Hospitals: System Review and Patient Survey on Expectations and Perceptions of Quality of Healthcare in Inner Mongolia, China

Table 4

Final linear regression models presenting factors associated with expectation, perception, and gap (N=1,322).

Factor	Expectation			Perception			Gap
	Adj. coeff. (95% CI)	P value; (t-test)	P value; (F-test)	Adj. coeff. (95% CI)	P value; (t-test)	P value; (F-test)	Adj. coeff. (95% CI)	P value; (t-test)	P value; (F-test)
Type of medicine: ref.=TMM			< 0.001			< 0.001			< 0.001
WM	-0.16 (-0.28,-0.05)	0.006		-0.66 (-0.84,-0.47)	< 0.001		-0.50 (-0.67,-0.32)	< 0.001
TCM	-0.28 (-0.38,-0.18)	< 0.001		-0.05 (-0.22,0.11)	0.517		0.21 (0.05,0.36)	0.009
Level of hospital: ref.=Provincial			< 0.001			< 0.001			< 0.001
City	-0.12 (-0.23,-0.02)	0.023		0.23 (0.06,0.40)	0.009		0.31 (0.15,0.47)	< 0.001
County	-0.53 (-0.66,-0.41)	< 0.001		-0.12 (-0.32,0.08)	0.231		0.35 (0.17,0.52)	< 0.001

TMM: Traditional Mongolian medicine. TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine. WM: Western medicine.
Note: The expectation model was adjusted for marital status, occupation, insurance status, monthly family income, duration of symptoms, and patient status.
The perception model was adjusted for nationality, marital status, occupation, insurance status, monthly family income, residential status, type of disease, duration of symptoms, and reason for choosing the hospital.
The gap model was adjusted for nationality, education level, monthly family income, current residence, duration of symptoms, reason for choosing the hospital, and patient status.