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| Study ID | Objects | Chinese herbs and formulae | Study design | Composition of formula | Therapeutic effect and mechanisms |
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| Ma et al. [43] | 25 apoE-/- mice | Tongxinluo | Gavage with 0.38, 0.75, 1.5 g/kg/d for 5 weeks | Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Hirudo nipponia Whitman, Scorpio, Radix paeoniae rubra, Periostracum Cicadae, Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, Scolopendra subspinipes, Santalum album Linn. | Decrease the expression level of VEGF, inhibit vasa vasorum proliferation, decrease microvessel density, reduce plaque areas |
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| Liu et al. [44] | 15 rabbits | Tongxinluo | Gavage with 0.6 g, 0.3 g/kg/d for 4 weeks | Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Hirudo nipponia Whitman, Scorpio, Radix paeoniae rubra, Periostracum Cicadae, Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, Scolopendra subspinipes, Santalum album Linn. | Decrease the expression level of CD31, inhibit p38MAPK pathway, inhibit adventitia neovascularization |
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| Li et al. [45] | 15 apoE-/- mice | Simiao Yongan decoction | Gavage with 11.7 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks | Lonicera japonica Thunb., Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. | Decrease the expression levels of HIF-1α, CD34, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, suppress vasa vasorum neovascularization, stabilize plaques |
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| Zhang et al. [46] | 10 rabbits | Xiongshao capsule | Gavage with 0.24 g, 0.48 g/kg/d for 6 weeks | Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Radix paeoniae rubra | Decrease the expression level of VEGF in plaque, reduce plaque areas |
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| Ren et al. [47] | 16 rabbits | Huoxue capsule | Gavage with 0.5 g, 1.5 g/kg/d for 20 weeks | Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Semen Persicae, Carthamus tinctorius Linn., Achyranthes bidentata Blume, Spina Date Seed, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Radix paeoniae rubra, Citrus aurantium L. | Inhibit the expression levels of VEGF and VCAM-1 in plaque, reduce intima /tunica media thickness ratio |
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| Qiao [48] | 10 apoE-/- mice | Shumai capsule | Gavage with 700 mg, 3500 mg/kg/d for 12 weeks | Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, Hirudo nipponica Whitman, Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker, Moschus berezovskii Flerov, Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim | Decrease the expression levels of VEGF, VEGFR, HIF-1α and Nox4, reduce plaque areas |
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| Pan et al. [49] | 30 patients | Modified salvia decoction | 22 g/d po for 6 months | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Santalum album Linn., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Radix paeoniae rubra, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, Carthamus tinctorius Linn. | Decrease serum levels of VEGF, MMP-9 and CRP,reduce carotid intima media thickness, reduce plaque areas |
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| Qiao et al. [50] | 10 apoE-/- mice | Panax notoginseng saponins | Gavage with 60 mg/kg/d for 12 weeks | Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen | Decrease the expression levels of VEGF, CD34 and Nox4, alleviate plaque angiogenesis, reduce plaque areas |
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| Zeng et al. [51] | 10 apoE-/- mice | Ruanmailing | Gavage with 20 g/kg/d for 12 weeks | Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Harald., Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaetn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. et Mey, Lycium chinense Miller, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. | Decrease the expression levels of VEGF, bFGF and CD105, inhibit plaque angiogenesis, stabilize plaques |
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| Zheng et al. [52] | 10 apoE-/- mice | Salvianolic acid B | Gavage with 80, 160 mg /kg/d for 8 weeks | Salvianolic acid B | Decrease the expression levels of CD31, reduce neovascularization in plaque and incidence of plaque erosion, stabilize plaques |
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| Yin et al. [53] | 24 rabbits | Guishaotongluo | Gavage with 2.08, 4.16 g /kg/d for 4 weeks | Ramulus Cinnamomi, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Curcuma longa Linn. | Decrease the expression levels of VEGF, VEGFR-2, inhibit adventitial neovascularization |
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| Yang et al. [54] | 60 patients | Red yeast rice | 175 mg/d po for 6 months | Fermentum rubrum | Decrease the serum level of VEGF, reduce the density and areas of carotid plaque |
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| Pang et al. [55] | 20 rabbits | Buyang Huanwu decoction | Gavage with 20 g/d for 4 weeks | Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Radix paeoniae rubra, Semen Persicae, Carthamus tinctorius Linn., Lumbricus | Increase the expression levels of bFGF and PDGF, promote microvessel maturation, decrease the incidence of plaque rupture, stabilize plaques |
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