Piper retrofractum Vahl. Extract, as a PPARδ and AMPK Activator, Suppresses UVB-Induced Photoaging through Mitochondrial Biogenesis and MMPs Inhibition in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Hairless Mice

Figure 2

The effects of PRE on MMPs expression and its mechanisms in vitro. (a) The MMPs protein expression was evaluated by Western blot. (b) The expression of MAPKs and AP-1 was investigated by Western blot. (c) The expression of NF-κB was assessed by Western blot. (d) The expression of inflammatory cytokines was determined by RT-PCR. Equal protein and mRNA loading were identified by α-tubulin and GAPDH, respectively. Data are represented as the mean SD from triplicate independent experiments. compared to normal; compared to UVB.

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