Piper retrofractum Vahl. Extract, as a PPARδ and AMPK Activator, Suppresses UVB-Induced Photoaging through Mitochondrial Biogenesis and MMPs Inhibition in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Hairless Mice

Figure 5

The effects of PRE on mitochondrial biogenesis, MMPs expression, an antioxidant enzyme, and NF-κB in vivo. (a) The expression of AMPK and PGC-1α was investigated by Western blot. (b) The expression of catalase was assessed by Western blot. (c) The expression of MMPs was measured by Western blot. (d) The expression of MAPKs was investigated by Western blot. (e) The AP-1 complex components were determined by Western blot. (f) The expression of NF-κB was evaluated by Western blot. Equal protein loading was identified by α-tubulin. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of six mice per group. compared to normal; and compared to UVB.

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