Effect of Fermented Spirulina maxima Extract on Cognitive-Enhancing Activities in Mice with Scopolamine-Induced Dementia

Figure 4

Comparison of the ratio of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein to phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) protein in the following groups of mice: control group, scopolamine-treated mice, scopolamine-treated mice administered donepezil, scopolamine-treated mice administered 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg fermented Spirulina maxima extract (FS), and scopolamine-treated mice administered 1 and 5 mg/kg β-carotene. The values shown are the mean escape latency times ± SDs (n=6). p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001 show significant differences in comparison to the scopolamine-treated group (n=6).