HO-1 Induction by Selaginella tamariscina Extract Inhibits Inflammatory Response in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Figure 3

Effects of STE on the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS- stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. (a) Cells were pretreated with different concentrations of STE (10, 100, or 300 μg/mL) for 12 h and then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 1 h. Cell lysates were western blotted to determine the protein levels of MAPKs (i.e., p-ERK, ERK, p-JNK, JNK, p-p38, and p38). (b) RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with STE (300 μg/mL) for 18 h and then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 1 h. Western blotting was performed using antibodies for p-IκB-α, IκB-α, and p-NF-κB. Statistical significances were determined versus vehicle-treated control group ( < 0.01 and < 0.001), or LPS-treated group ( < 0.01). (c) The localization of NF-κB p65 was visualized by fluorescence microscopy after immunofluorescence staining with NF-κB p65 antibody (green) and DAPI to visualize nuclei (blue).

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