The Aqueous Extract of Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 5

Effect of GD extract A and pioglitazone on insulin signaling pathways. NF-κB transcription activity with or without TNF-α (10 ng/ml) and GD extract A (10 mg/ml) in 293T cells was detected by luciferase reporter assays (a). HepG2 cells were incubated with or without 100 nM Dex for 24 hours and in 1 nM insulin with or without the drugs (pioglitazone or GD extract A) for another 24 hours. Cells lysates were separated by SDS-PAGE and subjected to Western blot analysis with IRS-1 (b), anti-phosphorylation AKT antibody (Ser473) (c), and GLUT1 antibody (d). versus control group; and versus IR-Model group.

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