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Author
(year) | Model
(animal, gender, number) | Acupuncture groups | Control groups | Outcomes | Results |
| Acupuncture | acupoints
number, duration | Control | acupoints
number, duration |
|
(1) Cui et al.
(2005) [25] | Visceral hypersensitivity+CRD (SD rat, m, various) | (A) Model+EA (4/100Hz, 1mA) | (A) ST36, 37
7, 30min | (B) Control
(C) Model
(D) Model+Sham EA (ns) | (A) ST36, 37
7, 30min | (1) AWR
(2) Activity of rectus abdominis | Between groups
(1), (2) (A)<(C), (B)<(C) |
(2) Tian et al.
(2006) [26] | (1) Colorectal irritation-induced visceral hypersensitivity (SD rat, m, 6/group)
(2) Model 1+stress | (A) Model 1+EA (2Hz, 0.3mA)
(B) Model 2+EA (2Hz, 0.3mA) | (A), (B) ST36, SP6
1, 30min | (C) Control
(D) Model 1
(E) Model 2 | - | (1) AWR
(2) Pain threshold pressure
(3) Fecal pellet
(4) 5-HT4a receptor in colon
(5) Serotonin transporter in colon | Between groups
(1) (A), (C)<(D)
(2) (D)<(A), (C)
(3) (B), (C), (D)<(E)
(4), (5) (B)<(A), (C)
(5) (D)<(C) |
(3) Liu et al.
(2009) [27] | Visceral hypersensitivity
(SD rat, m, 8/group) | (A) Model+EA (2/100Hz, 0.2–0.6ms, 1mA) | (A) ST25, ST37
7, 20min | (B) Control
(C) Model | - | (1) AWR
(2) Concentration of 5-HT
(3) Concentration of 5-HT3R
(4) Concentration of 5-HT4R | Between groups
(1), (2) (A), (B)<(C)
(4) (C)<(A), (B) |
(4) Xu et al.
(2009) [10] | Visceral hypersensitivity +CRD (SD rat, m, 6-25/group total 74) | (A) Model+EA (2/100Hz, 0.1ms, 1mA)
(B) Model+EA+SAL (same as above) | (A), (B) ST36
5, 40min | (C) Control
(D) Model
(E) Model +Sham EA (ns)
(F) Model+EA+NAL | (E), (F) ST36
5, 40min | (1) VMR
(2) Membrane potential of DRG neuron
(3) Rheobase of DRG neuron
(4) Action potential of DRG neuron | Within group
(1) (D): increased
(1) (A), (B): decreased after treatment (effect blocked in (F))
Between groups
(2) (A)<(E), (C)<(D)
(3) (D)<(C), (E)<(A)
(4) (A), (C)<(D) |
(5) Wu et al.
(2010) [29] | Visceral hypersensitivity +CRD (SD rat, m, 8/group) | (A) Model+EA (10Hz, 0.18ms, ~3mA) | (A) ST36
3, 20min | (B) Control
(C) Model+Sham EA (ns) | (B) ST36
3, 20min | (1) Pain threshold to CRD
(2) VMR
(3) 5-HT in colon, spinal cord, brainstem
(4) c-Fos in colon, spinal cord, brainstem | Between groups
(1) (C)<(A), (B)
(2), (3), (4) (A), (B)<(C) (except (3) in colon)
(B)<(A) (in 40, 60, 80mmHg) |
(6) Qi et al.
(2012) [32] | Visceral hypersensitivity +CRD (SD rat, m, 8/group) | (A) Model+EA (5/100Hz) | (A) ST36, 37
4, 30min | (B) Control
(C) Model
(D) Model+sham EA (ns) | (D) ST36, 37
4, 30min | (1) Pain threshold pressure
(2) AWR
(3) c-Fos in RVM
(4) N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 in RVM | Within group
(2) (A): decreased after treatment
Between groups
(1) (C)<(A), (B)
(2) (B)<(C)
(3) (A)<(C)
(4) (A), (B)<(C) |
(7) Qi et al.
(2012) [33] | Visceral hypersensitivity +CRD (SD rat, m, 8/group) | (A) Model+EA (5/100Hz) | (A) ST36, 37
4, 30min | (B) Control
(C) Model
(D) Model+sham EA (ns) | (D) ST36, 37
4, 30min | (1) AWR
(2) c-Fos in spinal cord | Between groups (1), (2)
(A), (B)<(C) |
(8) Zhou et al.
(2012) [34] | Stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity (SD rat, m, 5-8/group total 94) | (A) Model+EA (2/100Hz, 0.1ms, 1mA) | (A) ST36
1, 30min | (B) Model
(C) Control+ Sham EA (ns)
(D) Control+EA
(E) Model+Sham EA
(F) Model+EA
(G) Model+EA+SAL
(H) Model+EA+NAL
(I) Model+EA+NAL methiodide | (C)-(E), (H)-(J) ST36
(F) BL43
1, 30min | (1) VMR
(2) AWR
(3) Distention pressure threshold | Within group
(1), (2) (B): increased (vs baseline)
(3) (B): decreased (vs baseline)
Between groups
(1) (A)<(E), (G)<(I) (40, 60, 80mmHg)
(2) (A), (C)<(E)
(D)<(E) (60, 80mmHg)
(G)<(H) |
(9) Weng et al.
(2015) [39] | Visceral hypersensitivity +CRD (SD rat, m, 8/group) | (A) Model+EA (2/100Hz, 2mA) | (A) ST25, 37
7, 20min | (B) Control
(C) Model | - | (1) AWR
(2) P2X3 receptor in colonic, DRG, spinal cord, PFC, ACC | Between groups
(1), (2) (A), (B)<(C) |
(10) Qi et al.
(2016) [41] | Visceral hypersensitivity+CRD (SD rat, m, various/group total 184) | (A) Model+EA (2Hz, 1-3mA)
(B) Model+EA (100Hz, 1-3mA)
(C) Model+EA (2/100Hz, 1-3mA) | (A)-(F) ST36, 37
1, 10min | (D) Model+EA (2Hz, 1-3mA)+NAL
(E) Model+EA (100Hz, 1-3mA)+NAL
(F) Model+EA (2/100Hz, 1-3mA)+NAL
(G) Model+sham EA (ns)
(H) Control | (D)-(G) ST36, 37
1, 10min | (1) AWR
(2) Activity of rectus abdominis | Within group
(1), (2) (A)-(C), (E), (F): increased after CRD, decreased after treatment
(D), (G): increased after CRD |
(11) Liu et al.
(2017) [42] | Visceral hypersensitivity (SD rat, m, 8/group) | (A) Model+EA (5/25Hz, 1mA) | (A) ST36, 37
4, 30min | (B) Control
(C) Model
(D) Model+sham EA (ns) | (C) ST36, 37
4, 30min | (1) AWR
(2) NR2B in spinal cord | Between groups
(1) (A)<(C)
(2) (A), (B)<(C), (D) |
(12) Zhou et al.
(2017) [43] | Visceral hypersensitivity +restraint stress (SD rat, m, 16/8) | (a), (b) Model+EA (100Hz, 1mA) | (a), (b) ST36
(a) 1, 90min
(b) 1, 30min | (C) Control
(d) Model
(e) Model+sham EA (ns)
(f) Model+propranolol
(g) Model+phentolamine
(h) Model+SAL | (d) ST36
1, 30min | (1) Activity of acromiotrapezius
(2) ECG | Within group
(2) (d): LF/HF increased after restraint stress
Between groups
(1) during gastric distention: (C), (a), (b)<(d); (f), (g)<(h)
(2) LF/HF, LF: (a)<(d) |
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