Research Article

Effects of Phytoestrogen Supplement on Quality of Life of Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 2

Characteristics of included studies.

Author, year, countryParticipantsInterventionComparisonDurationOutcomes

Amato et al., 2012, U.S.403 postmenopausal women (120 mg/day group: n=134; 80 mg/day group: n=135; placebo group: n=134)Aglycone soy isoflavone 80 mg; aglycone soy isoflavone 120 mgPlacebo contains cellulose2 yearsMENQOL questionnaire

Attreitano et al. 2013, Italy262 postmenopausal women with diagnosed osteopeniaGenistein (n=139)Identical appearance placebo (n=123)2 yearsSF-36, ZSDS

Basaria et al. 2009, U.S.84 postmenopausal women (mostly Caucasian)Genistein 64 mg, daidzein 63 mg, glycitein 34 mg (In the form of powder mixed with beverages) (n=38)20g of milk protein and other nutrients (same as experimental group) (n=46)12 weeksMENQOL questionnaire

Garcia-Martin et al., 2012, Spain94 postmenopausal womenSoy isoflavone 50 mg/day (n=45)Milk protein supplement (n=49)1 yearCervantes Health-Related Quality of Life scale

Ho et al., 2007, China176 postmenopausal women with Chinese ethnicity that live in Hong Kong80 mg soy derived isoflavone per day (n=91)Identical appearance placebo (starch) (n=85)6 monthsSF-36, MMSE

Kok et al., 2005, U.S.202 postmenopausal women25.6 g soy protein (52 mg genistein, 41 mg daidzein, 6 mg glycitein) (n=100)Milk protein (placebo) (n=102)1 yearSF-36, QLS, GDS scale

Lee et al., 2017, Korea84 postmenopausal women (n=84)336 mg soy extract (10.5% isoflavone) and various agents (n=41)Dextrin instead of isoflavones (n=43)12 weeksMENQOL questionnaire, Kupperman index

Lewis et al., 2006, Canada87 postmenopausal women25 g of flaxseed (50 mg lignans, n=28); 25 g of soy (42 mg of isoflavones) per day (n=31)Wheat (for achieving similar fiber content) (n=28)16 weeksMENQOL questionnaire, daily hot flash frequency estimation by a 7-point Likert scale

Riesco et al., 2011, Canada40 postmenopausal women4 phytoestrogen capsules per day (each contain 17.5 mg of isoflavones) (n=19)Placebo contained cellulose (n=21)6 monthsSF-36, Perceived stress scale, Kupperman index

Tice et al., 2003, U.S.246 menopausal women with hot flashesPromensil (82 mg of isoflavones per day) (n=84); Rimostil (57 mg of isoflavone per day) (n=83)Placebo (less than 0.04 mg isoflavones per tablet) (n=85)12 weeksThe change in frequency of hot flashes measured by participant daily diaries, Greene Climacteric Scale (QOL), adverse events