Glu-mGluR2/3-ERK Signaling Regulates Apoptosis of Hippocampal Neurons in Diabetic-Depression Model Rats

Figure 2

Exacerbation of behavioral deficits in DD rats and amelioration by mGluR blockade. All results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n=10 rats/group). Co: control group; Di: diabetes model group; De-like: depression-like model group; DD: DD model group; LY+DD: DD model treated with LY341495. (a) Depression-like behavior (immobility) in the forced swimming test. (b) Spatial learning deficits (left panel) and memory deficits (right panel) as assessed by the Morris water maze. (c) Reduced horizontal and vertical activity in the open field test. p < 0.05, p < 0.01 vs. control; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 vs. diabetes group; ^Δp < 0.05, ^ΔΔ p < 0.01 vs. depression group, ^∧∧p < 0.01 vs. DD group.

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