Nimbolide Represses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Bladder Carcinoma Cells via Chk2-Mediated G2/M Phase Cell Cycle Arrest, Altered Signaling Pathways, and Reduced Transcription Factors-Associated MMP-9 Expression
Figure 3
Changes in the cell cycle regulators in the G2/M phase induced by nimbolide in bladder cancer cells. Both cell lines were treated with nimbolide for 12 h, and protein lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting. (a) The expression level of G2/M phase-associated cell cycle regulators were assessed using various kinds of specific antibodies. GAPDH was used for the normalization of protein levels. (b) Negative cell cycle regulators were analyzed via immunoblotting by employing specific antibodies against p21WAF1, p27KIP1, and p53. Bar graphs show the relative ratios of each protein level represented as a fold change in comparison with the control. Each value was expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments; P < 0.05, compared with the control group.