Kihito, a Traditional Japanese Kampo Medicine, Improves Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

Table 2

Changes in Japanese Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-J) and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS-J) scores between acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) alone treatment period and kihito intake period.

Cognitive Domain	ChEI alone		ChEI + kihito		Mean Difference	SD Difference	95% CI	p Value
	Baseline	16 weeks	Baseline	16 weeks
MMSE-J	21 ± 4.42	19.2 ± 4.59	19.7 ± 4.24	20.2 ± 4.96	2.3	1.888	0.9491 to 3.651	0.0039
RBANS
Total score	54.8 ± 26.0	52.1 ± 25.7	54.6 ± 25.3	54.3 ± 27.8	2.4	15.07	-8.386 to 13.19	0.6268
Immediate memory	61.7 ± 12.3	63.4 ± 15.4	67.8 ± 18.0	62.5 ± 13.4	-7.0	20.40	-7.609 to 21.61	0.3066
Visuospatial/Constructional	83.9 ± 34.5	80.3 ± 40.4	79.4 ± 39.1	74.9 ± 40.3	-0.9	24.98	-16.97 to 18.77	0.9000
Language	75.4 ± 23.1	66.1 ± 22.2	72.1 ± 20.5	77.4 ± 25.0	14.6	23.05	-1.892 to 31.09	0.0763
Attention	76.4 ± 19.1	75.7 ± 16.1	76.8 ± 17.3	76.5 ± 21.3	0.4	13.22	-9.061 to 9.861	0.9259
Delayed memory	50.7 ± 15.4	54.7 ± 12.4	52.0 ± 13.8	52.9 ± 14.1	-3.1	21.45	-18.45 to 12.25	0.6586

SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval.
p < 0.05, two-tailed paired t-test.