Kihito, a Traditional Japanese Kampo Medicine, Improves Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Table 3
Changes in Japanese Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-J) subtest scores between acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) alone treatment period and kihito intake period.
Cognitive Domain
ChEI alone
ChEI + kihito
Mean Difference
SD Difference
95% CI
p Value
Baseline
16 weeks
Baseline
16 weeks
Temporal orientation
2.8 ± 1.87
2.1 ± 1.44
2.0 ± 1.49
2.8 ± 1.39
1.5
1.715
0.2726 to 2.727
0.0220
Spatial orientation
3.3 ± 0.94
2.8 ± 1.31
3.0 ± 1.33
3.2 ± 1.13
0.7
1.337
-0.2567 to 1.657
0.1323
Memory registration
3.0 ± 0
2.9 ± 0.31
2.9 ± 0.31
2.9 ± 0.31
0.1
0.316
-0.1262 to 0.3262
0.3434
Attention
2.4 ± 1.64
2.0 ± 1.94
2.5 ± 1.77
2.2 ± 1.81
0.1
2.282
-1.533 to 1.733
0.8929
Delayed memory recall
1.3 ± 1.15
1.3 ± 1.05
1.2 ± 0.91
1.0 ± 1.05
-0.2
1.229
-1.079 to 0.6793
0.6193
Naming
2.0 ± 0
2.0 ± 0
2.0 ± 0
2.0 ± 0
no change
Phrase repetition
0.8 ± 0.42
0.8 ± 0.42
0.7 ± 0.48
0.7 ± 0.48
0.0
0.666
-0.4769 to 0.4769
1.00
Comprehension
2.9 ± 0.31
3.0 ± 0
3.0 ± 0
3.0 ± 0
-0.1
0.316
-0.3262 to 0.1262
0.3434
Reading
0.9 ± 0.31
1.0 ± 0
1.0 ± 0
0.9 ± 0.31
-0.2
0.632
-0.6524 to 0.2524
0.3434
Writing
0.9 ± 0.31
0.7 ± 0.48
0.7 ± 0.48
0.8 ± 0.42
0.3
0.483
-0.04553 to 0.6455
0.0811
Visuo‐constructional ability
0.7 ± 0.48
0.6 ± 0.51
0.7 ± 0.48
0.7 ± 0.48
0.1
0.737
-0.4278 to 0.6278
0.6783
SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval. p < 0.05, two-tailed paired t-test.
