Antileishmanial Evaluation of the Leaf Latex of Aloe macrocarpa, Aloin A/B, and Its Semisynthetic Derivatives against Two Leishmania Species

Table 2

Effects of test substances on axenically cultured amastigotes of Leishmania aethiopica and Leishmania donovani and THP-1 monocytes.

Test substance	Antiaxenically cultured amastigotes activity; IC50 in μg/mL		Cytotoxic effect in THP-1; LC50 in μg/mL
	L. aethiopica	L. donovani
Latex	1.60 ± 0.01	1.74 ± 0.21	167.11 ± 0.42
Aloin A/B	2.80 ± 1.02 (6.7 μM)	2.92 ± 0.15 (7.0 μM)	154.32 ± 0.22 (369.2 μM)
Aloe-emodin	2.23 ± 0.33 (8.3 μM)	2.75 ± 0.03 (10.2 μM)	145.45 ± 0.27 (538.7 μM)
Rhein	1.01 ± 0.22 (3.6 μM)	1.17 ± 0.42 (4.1 μM)	173.70± 0.11 (611.6 μM)
Amphotericin B (reference)	1.23 ± 0.41 (1.3 μM)	1.55± 0.51(1.7 μM)	10.23 ± 0.32 (11.1 μM)
Media alone (NC)	0.00	0.00	0.00
1% DMSO (NC)	0.00	0.00	0.00

Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 3; NC: negative control; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide.
Effective concentration required to achieve 50% growth inhibition in μg/mL.
The concentration that leads to death of 50% of THP-1 cells. No effect.
Values in parenthesis indicate concentration in micromolar (μM).