Chelidonine Induces Caspase-Dependent and Caspase-Independent Cell Death through G2/M Arrest in the T98G Human Glioblastoma Cell Line
Figure 1
Chelidonine induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma, T98G cell line. (a) The chemical structure of chelidonine. (b) Human glioblastoma (T98G), lung cancer (A549), breast cancer (MCF7, MDA-MB-231), colon cancer (SW620) cell lines and noncancer (human embryonic kidney cell: HEK293, human umbilical vein endothelial cell: HUVEC, human fibroblast: CCD-25Sk) were treated with chelidonine (1.0 μM) for 24 h, and a dimethylthiazolyl-carboxymethoxyphenyl-sulfophenyl-tetrazolium (MTS) assay was used to determine cell viability. (c) T98G cells were treated with the indicated concentration of chelidonine for 24 h. The size of the sub G1/0 population of T98G cells, indicative of cell death, was determined by PI staining and flow cytometry analysis. (d) Whole T98G cell lysates were subjected to western blot analysis with the indicated antibodies. Cf; cleaved fragment. (e) Mitochondrial depolarization. Cells were stained with MitoTracker Red CMXRos and then analyzed using flow cytometry. Each experimental result represents the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. , p < 0.001, , p < 0.01, , p < 0.05 by t-tests.