Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

In Vitro Schistosomicidal Activity of the Alkaloid-Rich Fraction from Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae) and Its Characterization by UPLC-QTOF-MS

Table 1

In vitro schistosomicidal and cytotoxic activities of the crude extract of R. graveolens (Rg) and its fractions (Rg-FC1, Rg-FC2, Rg-FC3, and Rg-FAE) against adult worms of S. mansoni incubated for 24 h.


Groups	Dead worms (%)^a		Decrease of motor activity (%)^a		Cytotoxicity CC₅₀ (μg/mL)^e
Groups	Male	Female	Male	Female	Cytotoxicity CC₅₀ (μg/mL)^e

Control^b	0	0	0	0	—
0.5% DMSO	0	0	0	0	—
PZQ^c	100	100	100	100	—

Rg^d	100	100	100	100	>75

Rg-FC1^d	0	0	0	0	—

Rg-FC2^d	0	0	0	0	—

Rg-FC3^d	0	0	0	0	—

Rg-FAE
100 μg/mL	100	100	100	100	>75
50 μg/mL	100	100	100	100	—
25 μg/mL	100	40	100	100	—
12.5 μg/mL	100	0	100	100	—
6.25 μg/mL	100	0	100	100	—
3.125 μg/mL	0	0	0	0	—

^aPercentages relative to 20 worms investigated; ^bRPMI 1640; ^ctested at a concentration of 2 μM; ^dtested at a concentration of 100 μg/mL; ^eCC₅₀ values (50% cytotoxicity concentration) on peritoneal macrophages.