Thirteen-Week Oral Toxicity Study of HVC1 in Rats

Table 3

Urinalysis results of HVC1-treated male and female rats.

Sex	Test item (grade)	Treatment group (mg/kg/day)
		Control	500	1,000	2,000
Males	Glucose (0–4)	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.5	1.2 ±
	Ketone body (0–4)	0.6 ± 0.9	1.8 ±	2.0 ±	2.6 ±
	Leukocyte (0–4)	0.8 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 1.7	4.0 ±	4.0 ±
Females	Ketone body (0–4)	0.0 ± 0.0	1.2 ±	1.6 ±	1.6 ±
	Leukocyte (0–4)	0.0 ± 0.0	1.6 ±	0.8 ±	1.6 ±

Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5). < 0.05, < 0.01 compared with the control group.
Grades: 0 (negative), 1 (trace), 1+, 2, 2+, 3, 3+, 4.