| | Study author, year (study period) | Patients total (Ctrl) | Age/years (Trl) (Ctrl) | Genders M/F total (Trl) | Intervention/drug dosage (Trl) (Ctrl) | Treating duration (M) | Indexes | AEs (Trl) (Ctrl) |
| | Wan, 2009 [8] (2005.11–2008.3) | 46 (23) | 32 ± 15 (34 ± 12) | 6/40 (4/19) | TG + LEF/10 mg, qd + 20 mg, qd (MTX + SASP/10 mg qw + 1 g bid) | 3 | Efficacy, MS, SJC, TJC, ESR, CRP | 8 (9) |
| | Zhang, 2011 [9] (2007.1–2008.12) | 60 (30) | 66 (66) | N. M. | TG + LEF/20 mg, tid + 20 mg, qd (LEF/20 mg, qd) | 6 | MS, SJC, TJC, ESR, CRP, RF | 7 (5) |
| | Min, 2012 [10] (2009.1–2011.6) | 50 (25) | Mean 61.5 | 12/38 | TG + LEF/20 mg, tid + 10 mg, qd (MTX/15 mg, qw) | 3 | MS, SJC, TJC, ESR, CRP, RF, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α | 6 (11) |
| | Long, 2014 [11] (2011.6–2012.6) | 48 (24) | 67.00 ± 2.47 (68.00 ± 2.95) | 21/27 | TG + LEF/20 mg, tid + 10 mg, qd (LEF/10 mg, qd) | 6 | Efficacy, SJC, TJC, ESR, CRP, RF | NM |
| | Zhao, 2014 [12] (2010.7–2013.7) | 60 (30) | 45.07 ± 20.32 (45.10 ± 20.21) | 10/50 | TG + LEF + MTX/N. M. + 10 mg, qd + 7.5 mg, qw (LEF + MTX/10 mg, qd + 7.5 mg, qw) | 3 | Efficacy, MS, SJC, TJC, ESR, CRP | 5 (8) |
| | Sun, 2016 [13] (2014.7–2015.7) | 62 (31) | 62.11 ± 3.02 (56.56 ± 2.33) | 32/30 (17/14) | TG + LEF/20 mg, tid + 5 mg, bid (LEF/5 mg, bid) | 6 | Efficacy, SJC, TJC, ESR, CRP | 1 (3) |
| | Gao, 2017 [14] (2015.1–2016.7) | 80 (40) | 42.35 ± 8.14 (41.67 ± 8.65) | 24/56 (11/29) | TG + LEF + MTX/20 mg, tid + 10 mg, qd + 10 mg, qw (MTX/10 mg, qw) | 3 | Efficacy, MS, SJC, TJC, ESR, CRP, RF | 6 (5) |
| | Zhang, 2017 [15] (2014.1–2017.1) | 64 (34) | 49.90 ± 15.22 (43.56 ± 15.07) | 21/47 (10/24) | TG + LEF + MTX/10 mg, tid+10 mg, qd + 10 mg, qw (LEF + MTX/10 mg, qd + 10 mg, qw) | 3 | Efficacy, MS, SJC, TJC, ESR, CRP, RF | 2 (8) |
| | Feng, 2018 [16] (2015.5–2017.5) | 108 (54) | 70.12 ± 5.13 (72.05 ± 6.24) | 55/53 (26/28) | TG + LEF/20 mg, tid + 10 mg, qd (LEF/10 mg, qd) | 1 | Efficacy, MS, SJC, TJC, ESR, CRP, RF | 5 (7) |
| | Zhang, 2018 [17] (2014.3–2016.6) | 100 (50) | 64.8 ± 11.52 | 37/63 | TG + LEF + MTX/20 mg, tid+20 mg, qd + 10 mg, qw (LEF + MTX/20 mg, qd + 10 mg, qw) | 3 | Efficacy, MS, SJC, TJC, ESR, CRP, RF, IL-1, 4, 10, TNF-α | 2 (3) |
| | Gao, 2019 [18] (2012.1–2017.12) | 72 (36) | 67.9 ± 2.3 (68.7 ± 2.5) | 20/16 (42/30) | TG + LEF/20 mg, tid + 5 mg, bid (LEF/5 mg, bid) | 6 | Efficacy, SJC, TJC, ESR, CRP, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α | 2 (3) |
| | Sha, 2019 [19] (2016.10–2018.10) | 80 (40) | 58.89 ± 6.92 (58.99 ± 6.99) | 37/43 (18/22) | TG + LEF/20 mg, tid + 20 mg, qd (LEF/20 mg, qd) | 3 | Efficacy, MS, SJC, TJC, IL-6, TNF-α | NM |
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AEs: adverse events, Trl: trial group, Ctrl: control group, TG: Tripterygium glycosides, LEF: Leflunomide, MTX: methotrexate, SASP: sulfasalazine, 3M: 3 months, 6M: 6 months, 1M: 1 month, efficacy: clinical treatment efficacy, MS: morning stiffness, SJC: swollen joint count, TJC: tender joint count, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRPC-reactive protein, RF: rheumatoid factor, IL-1: interleukin 1, IL-4: interleukin 4, IL-6: interleukin 6, IL-10: interleukin 10, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, NM: not mentioned.
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