Research Article
Cytotoxic Property of Grias neuberthii Extract on Human Colon Cancer Cells: A Crucial Role of Autophagy
Figure 1
GNSbM extract demonstrated to be cytotoxic on RKO and SW613-B3 cell lines. (a) Morphological changes induced after 48 h of exposure at IC50 doses of the extract. Scale bar: 50 μm. (b) Cells were exposed to the extract for 48 h and formed colonies were counted based on clonogenic survival assay seven days after the treatment. The number of counted colonies was expressed as a percentage relative to control (defined as 100%). Data represented the mean ± SEM (n = 6) of three independent experiments. The tests for significance were limited to ANOVA-Dunnet posttest, , vs. control; RKO vs. SW613-B3 at IC50 dose. (c) Cells were exposed to the extract for 48. (h) Percentage of cells in the G1, S, and G2/M-phases of the cell cycle was analyzed using a Facscanto II flow cytometer. Data were acquired and analyzed using DIVA software (Becton Dickinson). Data represented the mean ± SEM (n = 6) of three independent experiments. The tests for significance were limited to ANOVA-Dunnet posttest, for G1, S, and G2/M.
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