Research Article
Laser Acupuncture Alleviates Symptoms and Improves Quality of Life in Women with Overactive Bladder: A Double-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| | Characteristics | Experimental group (n = 15) | Control group (n = 15) | P value |
| | Age, mean (SD) | 56.4 (14.3) | 60.9 (10.2) | 0.33a | | Height (SD) | 156.9 (4.2) | 153 (6.2) | 0.06a | | Weight (SD) | 59.5 (13.9) | 60.83 (17.9) | 0.90c | | BMI (SD) | 24.1 (4.6) | 25.9 (7.3) | 0.49c | | Diabetes mellitus (%) | 2 (13.3) | 3 (20) | 0.63b | | HRT, n (%) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 0.31b | | Education, n (%) | | | 0.30b | | Junior high school or below | 5 (33.3) | 5 (33.3) | | | Senior high school | 6 (40.0) | 9 (60.0) | | | College or above | 4 (26.7) | 1 (6.7) | |
| | Menopausal status, n (%) | | | 0.65b | | Pre | 5 (33.3) | 4 (26.7) | | | Post | 10 (66.7) | 11 (73.3) | |
| | Parity, mean (SD, range) | 2.4 (1.4, 0–5) | 2.3 (1.4, 0–5) | 0.90a | | Child delivery, n (%) | | | 1.0b | | Normal spontaneous delivery | 11 (73.3) | 11 (73.3) | | | Cesarean section | 2 (13.3) | 2 (13.3) | |
| | Gynecology-related surgery (%) | 5 (33.3) | 8 (53.3) | 0.27b | | Type of OAB (%) | | | 0.69b | | Wet OAB | 10 (66.7) | 11 (73.3) | | | Dry OAB | 5 (33.3) | 4 (26.7) | |
| | Urodynamic test, mean (SD) | | | | | Urethral pressure profile: bladder capacity (ml) | 292.3 (129.3) | 262.6 (101.4) | 0.51c | | CMG + EMG: Pves-Pabd (CmH2O) | 12.3 (28.5) | 10.4 (21.2) | 0.81c |
| | Primary outcome, mean (SD) | | | | | OABSS | 8.7 (1.8) | 8.5 (1.8) | 0.74c | | Q1 (daytime frequency) | 1.5 (0.5) | 1.7 (0.5) | 0.22c | | Q2 (nocturia) | 2.3 (0.9) | 2.4 (0.9) | 0.81c | | Q3 (urgency) | 3.9 (0.9) | 3.7 (1.1) | 0.78c | | Q4 (urgency incontinence) | 1.1 (1.4) | 0.7 (1.2) | 0.33c |
| | Secondary outcome, mean (SD) | | | | | UDI-6 | 6.0 (2.5) | 5.7 (2.4) | 0.62c | | IIQ-7 | 9.9 (5.7) | 10.8 (3.9) | 0.41c |
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aIndependent samples T test. bChi-square test, Pearson Chi-square, asymptotic significance (2-sided). cNonparametric test (Mann-Whitney U test). SD: standard deviation. BMI: body mass index. HRT: hormone replacement therapy. CMG: cystometry. EMG: external sphincter electromyogram. Pves: vesical pressure. Pabd: abdominal pressure. OABSS: overactive bladder symptom score. Q1: 1st question of OABSS, Q2: 2nd question of OABSS, Q3: 3rd question of OABSS, Q4: 4th question of OABSS. UDI-6: Urogenital Distress Inventory. IIQ-7: Incontinence Impact Questionnaire.
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