β-Sitosterol Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Targeting PPARγ/NF-κB Signalling

Figure 4

PPARγ inhibitor counteracted the protective effects of β-sitosterol treatment against H/R-stimulated H9c2 cells. (a) Cell viability, (b) cell apoptotic rates, (c) caspase-3 activity, and (d) caspase-9 activity in H/R-treated H9c2 cells subjected to β-sitosterol and/or GW9962 treatment were determined, respectively, by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and caspase-3 and -9 assays. (e) Protein levels of caspase-3, -9, Bcl-2, PPARγ, and NF-κB in H/R-treated H9c2 cells subjected to β-sitosterol and/or GW9662 treatment were measured by the western blot assay. (f) ROS production and (g) MMP of H/R-treated H9c2 cells subjected to β-sitosterol and/or GW9962 treatment were determined by the ROS production assay and MMP assay, respectively. N = 3. and .

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