Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway by Amomum villosum Extract Suppresses LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress In Vitro and Ex Vivo

Figure 3

Effects of AVEE on LPS-induced NF-κB pathway activation. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with various concentrations of AVEE (12.5, 25, 50, or 100 μg/mL) for 3 h and stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for another 1 h. Cytosolic IκB phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation to nucleosomes were detected by Western blotting (a). NF-κB DNA-binding activity was assessed using a TransAM kit (b). Nuclear NF-κB translocation was visualized under an immunofluorescence microscope (c). Results are presented as the means ± SDs of three independent experiments. versus treatment naïve controls. versus LPS controls.

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