Abdominal Massage Reduces Visceral Hypersensitivity via Regulating GDNF and PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Figure 1

Effects of abdominal massage on intestinal transit and visceral sensitivity (a–c), colonic histological assessment, and mast cell counts of IBS-D rats. The stool consistency score (a), efflux time of glass beads (b), and the volume threshold (c) are used to evaluate the intestinal transit and visceral sensitivity, respectively. The rats are divided into the control group, the model group, and the abdominal massage (AM) group. , compared with the control group and , (n = 6) compared with the model group. Effects of abdominal massage on colonic histological assessment (d). The rats are divided into the control group (A), the model group (B), and the abdominal massage (AM) group (C) (×200). Effects of abdominal massage on mast cell counts of IBS-D rats (e). The rats are divided into the control group (A), the model group (B), and the abdominal massage (AM) group (C).

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