Abdominal Massage Reduces Visceral Hypersensitivity via Regulating GDNF and PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

<div>Effects of abdominal massage on the expression of CHAT, nNOS, and PGP 9.5 (immunofluorescence staining). Orange is positive protein, and DAPI (blue) is used to stain the cell nucleus (×400). The rats are divided into the control group, the model group, and the abdominal massage (AM) group.</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Figure 2: Abdominal Massage Reduces Visceral Hypersensitivity via Regulating GDNF and PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome 

Figure 2 | Abdominal Massage Reduces Visceral Hypersensitivity via Regulating GDNF and PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome 