Abdominal Massage Reduces Visceral Hypersensitivity via Regulating GDNF and PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Figure 3

Effects of abdominal massage on the mRNA and protein expressions of CHAT, nNOS, and PGP 9.5. The mRNA and protein expressions of CHAT (a), nNOS (b), and PGP 9.5 (c). The rats are divided into the control group, the model group, and the abdominal massage (AM) group. , compared with the control group and , (n = 4) compared with the model group. The protein expression is observed by western blot (d). The rats are divided into the control group, the model group, and the abdominal massage (AM) group. The western blot film is scanned, and the intensity (CHAT (e), nNOS (f), and PGP 9.5 (g)) is quantified by Image J version 1.51n and normalized to the corresponding GAPDH intensity and the controls. , compared with the control group and , compared with the model group.

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