Abdominal Massage Reduces Visceral Hypersensitivity via Regulating GDNF and PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

<div>Effect of abdominal massage on ultrastructure alterations of mucosal EGCs in the colon of IBS-D rats. The rats are divided into the control group (a), the model group (b), and the abdominal massage (AM) group (c). The heterochromatin is marked with black arrows, and the mitochondria are marked with red arrows.</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Figure 4: Abdominal Massage Reduces Visceral Hypersensitivity via Regulating GDNF and PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome 

Figure 4 | Abdominal Massage Reduces Visceral Hypersensitivity via Regulating GDNF and PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome 