Antibacterial Activity and Metabolomics Profiling of Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior Jack) Flower Oil Extracted Using Subcritical Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

Table 3

GC-MS metabolomics profiling of torch ginger (E. elatior Jack) flower oil.

No.	Compound name	RT	Peak area %	Activity	Reference
1	Cyclohexane	2.60	0.73	—	—
2	Cyclopentanol, 1-methyl-	4.33	0.12	—	—
3	α-Pinene	8.16	2.23	Antibacterial	Nissen et al. [25]
4	cis-pinen-3-ol	8.95	0.16	—	—
5	Bornylene	12.07	0.17	Antibacterial	Goudjil et al. [26]
6	2-Nonanone	15.02	0.15	Antibacterial	Orlandaand and nascimento, [27]
7	Nonan-2-ol	15.49	0.33	—	—
8	trans-verbenol	17.81	0.31	Antibacterial	Utegenova et al. [28]
9	α-Terpineol	20.26	0.25	Antibacterial	Li et al. [29]
10	Decanal	20.64	0.65	Antibacterial	Verma et al. [30]
11	Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one, 4,6,6-trimethyl-, (1S)	20.99	0.26	—	—
12	1-Decanol	23.79	1.46	Antibacterial	Togashi et al. [31]
13	2-Undecanone	24.74	1.55	Antibacterial	Orlandaand and nascimento, [27]
14	Methyl nonyl carbinol	25.11	0.37	—	—
15	Undecanal	25.45	0.18	Antibacterial	Kubo et al. [32]
16	1-Undecanol	28.46	0.30	Antibacterial	Togashi et al. [31]
17	Decanoic acid	29.36	0.30	Antibacterial	Huang et al. [33]
18	(±)-α-Terpinyl acetate	29.76	0.19	—	—
19	Dodecanal	30.30	6.50	—	—
20	trans-Caryophyllene	30.52	2.09	—	—
21	α-Humulene	32.16	1.88	Antibacterial	Azizan et al. [34]
22	Dodec-(8Z)-en-1-ol	32.44	0.17	—	—
23	1-Dodecanol	33.46	11.44	—	—
24	Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, 2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)	33.60	0.87	—	—
25	2-Tridecanone	33.93	1.09	—	—
26	α-Bisabolol	34.31	0.04	Antibacterial	de sousa oliveira et al. [35]
27	Mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, cis-para	34.56	0.23	—	—
28	Methyl dodecanoate	34.96	0.84	—	—
29	1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl	36.52	0.35	—	—
30	Dodecanal <dimethyl-> acetal	36.89	0.48	—	—
31	Oleic acid	37.10	0.09	Antibacterial	Dilika et al. [36]
32	Lauryl acetate	38.49	4.03	—	—
33	Lauric acid	38.77	0.88	Antibacterial	Nakatsuji et al. [37]

RT, retention time (min).