Antibacterial Activity and Metabolomics Profiling of Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior Jack) Flower Oil Extracted Using Subcritical Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

Table 4

Chemical shifts and concentrations of the bioactive metabolites identified in the oil of torch ginger flower.

No.	Metabolites	Chemical shift	Concentration mM	Activity	Reference
1	Hexacosanoic acid	δ 0.87 (t)	0.3351	Antimicrobial	Singh and Singh, [41]
2	Methylmalonic acid	δ 1.23 (d)	1.0311	—	—
3	Azelaic acid	δ 1.54 (m)	0.1341	Antimicrobial	Leeming et al. [42]
4	Butyric acid	δ 1.55 (tq)	0.316	Antibacterial	Fernández-Rubio et al. [43]
5	Citraconic acid	δ 1.93 (s), δ 5.598 (d)	0.0925	—	—
6	Capric acid	δ 2.16 (br s), δ 1.53 (br s), δ 1.27 (br s), δ 0.85 (br s)	0.3272	Antimicrobial	Bergsson et al. [44]
7	Caprylic acid	δ 2.16 (t), δ 1.53 (m), δ 1.27 (d), δ 0.85 (m)	0.2272	Antimicrobial	Nair et al. [45]
8	Valeric acid	δ 2.19 (t)	0.3137	Antimicrobial	Sunkara et al. [46]
9	Citric acid	δ 2.66 (d), δ 2.52 (d)	0.0299	Antimicrobial	Allende et al. [47]
10	Ethanolamine	δ 3.13 (d, J = 19.8 Hz)	0.0222	—	—
11	Trimethylamine N-oxide	δ 3.25 (s)	0.157	—	—
12	1,3-Dimethyluric acid	δ 3.29 (s)	0.4813	—	—
13	1,3-Dimethyluric	δ 3.428 (s), δ 3.298 (s)	0.0257	—	—
14	Sarcosine	δ 3.6 (s)	0.0536	—	—
15	Syringic acid	δ 3.84 (s)	0.0126	—	—
16	Chlorogenic acid	δ 5.33 (m)	0.1234	Antimicrobial	Tajik et al. [48]