Comparison of Traditional Chinese Exercises and Nontraditional Chinese Exercise Modalities on Cognitive and Executive Function in Community Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Associations between exercise type and cognitive and executive function from the generalized linear models analysis.
No-RE group
Non-TCE group
TCE group
B (95% CI)
B (95% CI)
B (95% CI)
MOCA
Model 1
Reference
1.30 (0.40, 2.19)
3.23 (2.27, 4.19)
Model 2
Reference
1.20 (0.30, 2.10)
2.96 (1.97, 3.95)
Model 3
Reference
1.31 (0.40, 2.21)
2.94 (1.95, 3.93)
Model 4
Reference
0.87 (−0.02, 1.75)
2.50 (1.54, 3.46)
Model 5
Reference
0.85 (−0.05, 1.74)
2.48 (1.51, 3.45)
Model 6
Reference
0.56 (−0.39, 1.52)
2.28 (1.28, 3.28)
CDT
Model 1
Reference
0.45 (0.11, 0.80)
0.91 (0.53, 1.28)
Model 2
Reference
0.44 (0.18, 0.87)
0.87 (0.49, 1.26)
Model 3
Reference
0.51 (0.16, 0.86)
0.86 (0.48, 1.24)
Model 4
Reference
0.45 (0.10, 0.81)
0.80 (0.41, 1.18)
Model 5
Reference
0.43 (0.07, 0.78)
0.77 (0.39, 1.16)
Model 6
Reference
0.35 (−0.03,0.74)
0.72 (0.32, 1.12)
ANT
Model 1
Reference
0.25 (−0.87, 1.38)
0.76 (−0.44, 1.96)
Model 2
Reference
0.90 (−1.03, 1.21)
0.31 (−0.92, 1.54)
Model 3
Reference
0.16 (−0.97, 1.29)
0.30 (−0.93, 1.53)
Model 4
Reference
0.08 (−1.07, 1.23)
0.22 (−1.03, 1.47)
Model 5
Reference
0.13 (−1.04, 1.29)
0.26 (−1.00, 1.52)
Model 6
Reference
0.45 (−0.80, 1.69)
0.49 (−0.81, 1.79)
TMT-A (s)
Model 1
Reference
−5.64 (−16.74, 5.46)
−24.11 (−35.94, −12.28)
Model 2
Reference
−4.09 (−15.15, 6.97)
−19.81 (−31.97, −7.65)
Model 3
Reference
−5.66 (−16.75, 5.44)
−19.55 (−31.64, −7.46)
Model 4
Reference
−2.39 (−13.53, 8.76)
−16.28 (-28.40, −4.16)
Model 5
Reference
−4.53 (−15.69, 6.62)
−18.25 (−30.34, −6.16)
Model 6
Reference
−4.05 (−16.01, 7.90)
−17.91 (−30.38, −5.43)
TMT-B (s)
Model 1
Reference
−0.33 (−18.68, 18.03)
−7.47 (−27.03, 12.09)
Model 2
Reference
0.95 (−17.49, 19.39)
−3.94 (−24.22, 16.33)
Model 3
Reference
0.24 (−18.38, 18.87)
−3.83 (−24.13, 16.48)
Model 4
Reference
3.69 (−15.21, 22.58)
−0.39 (−20.92, 20.14)
Model 5
Reference
0.40 (−18.54, 19.35)
−3.40 (−23.92, 17.13)
Model 6
Reference
2.62 (−17.67, 22.91)
−1.82 (−23.00, 19.35)
Model 1, unadjusted; model 2, adjusted for duration of education; model 3, adjusted for model 2 + gender; model 4, adjusted for model 3 + occupation; model 5, adjusted for model 4 + smoking; model 6, adjusted for model 5 + physical activity level. ; .
