An Efficacy Predictive Method for Diabetic Ulcers Based on Higher-Order Markov Chain-Set Pair Analysis

Table 5

The CM characteristic numbers and the cloud weight standardized value of each index.

Index	Ex	En	He
Wound area (K1: cm^2)	0.11073	0.0217	0.00486
Wound depth (K2: cm)	0.12116	0.01886	0.00515
Exudates color (K3)	0.10537	0.01384	0.00412
Exudates volume (K4: layers of gauze wetted)	0.0891	0.01365	0.00451
Necrotic tissue area (K5: %)	0.09907	0.01335	0.00348
New granulation and epithelial tissue color (K6)	0.10844	0.01164	0.00255
New granulation and epithelial tissue area (K7: %)	0.10733	0.01166	0.00280
Wound skin temperature (K8)	0.09309	0.01464	0.00168
Wound skin color (K9)	0.08363	0.01205	0.00308
Pain (K10: VAS)	0.08207	0.01385	0.00154

Ex, En, and He were the CM characteristic numbers corresponding to each symptom index k, which were used to calculate cloud weights. Ex, En, and He denote the expected value, entropy, and hyperentropy, respectively. Ex is the expected value of the cloud drop which can represent the qualitative concept. En reflects the dispersion degree of cloud drops, which also determines the certainty of cloud drops. He is the entropy of En and reveals the uncertainty measurement of En which is used to settle confusion degree. ω is defined as the standardized value of cloud weight.