Immunomodulatory Activity of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) Leaf Diethyl Ether and Methanol Extracts on Salmonella typhi-Infected Mice and LPS-Induced Phagocytic Activities of Macrophages and Neutrophils

Table 1

Effect of methanol and diethyl ether extracts of M. charantia on the uptake of carbon particles by macrophages and neutrophils.

Samples	Methanol extract		Diethyl ether extract
	% reduction of OD	μg/10^6 cells	% reduction of OD	μg/10^6 cells
Attached and ingested particles per macrophage controls
(−) control	31.87 ± 1.54	5.31	31.87 ± 1.54	5.31
(+) control	52.99 ± 1.154	8.83	52.99 ± 1.154	8.83
Extracts (μg/ml)
40	^a53.98 ± 1.32	8.99	^a42.01 ± 1.94	7.00
160	^b70.81 ± 1.12	11.80	^b57.25 ± 1.66	9.54
640	^c85.53 ± 0.83	14.25	^c71.07 ± 0.41	11.54
Attached and ingested particles per neutrophil controls
(−) control	43.14 ± 3.70	7.19	43.14 ± 3.70	7.19
(+) control	82.67 ± 1.79	13.77	82.67 ± 1.79	13.77
Extracts (μg/ml)
40	^a85.63 ± 0.14	14.27	^a83.08 ± 0.97	13.84
160	^ab87.51 ± 0.92	14.58	^ab86.12 ± 0.09	14.35
640	^b90.46 ± 0.98	15.07	^b89.23 ± 0.56	14.87

Three samples in three mice were studied. The amounts of carbon taken up by the cells were estimated by measurements of optical density (OD) of the carbon particle suspension (25 μg/ml) without the 1.5 × 10⁶ cells/ml being added and after the cells were removed by centrifugation. The asterisks indicate the significant difference relative to (−) control determined by Tukey’s test (). In the same column, the letters indicate the significant difference determined by Tukey’s test ().