Morphological and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insights into Growth Inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum Caused by Laser Irradiation

Figure 3

TEM observation of T. rubrum in the control and laser groups. (a) TEM (TEM × 1000) image of the longitudinal section of T. rubrum hyphae indicated double-layer cell walls and the outer cell wall (OCW) and the inner cell wall (ICW); organelles were noted in the cytoplasm. (b) (TEM × 5000) The cytoplasm was homogeneous with visible organelles, such as lysosomes (LS), liposomes (L), and some tiny secretory granules (SG). (c) (TEM × 8000) The mitochondria (M), nuclei (N), septum (S), and glycosome (G) could be observed clearly. (d–f) (TEM × 3000, 5000, and 8000) The structure of the double-layer cell wall was incomplete ((d), black arrow) and the cell membrane was discontinuous ((f), black arrow). The cytoplasm density was uneven ((d), red arrow). Although organelles, such as ER, were visible in the cytoplasm, other organelles were dissolved and the medullary bodies and protein coagulators were visible (manifestations of apoptosis, (f), red arrow).

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