Research Article

Coloring Activities for Anxiety Reduction and Mood Improvement in Taiwanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study

Table 2

Total scores of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety Scale (STAI-S) for the control, mandala coloring, plaid pattern drawing, and free-form drawing groups at baseline, postanxiety induction, and postintervention.

TimeAnxiety level, mean (standard deviation)
ControlMandala coloringPlaid pattern coloringFree-form color drawing

T1 (baseline)34.2 (10.6)31.1 (7.5)34.8 (9.8)35.0 (9.2)0.346
T2 (postanxiety induction)35.3 (10.2)38.0 (11.3)39.1 (12.0)40.0 (13.1)0.457
T3 (postintervention)34.8 (11.8)28.3 (6.8)32.9 (10.2)30.6 (9.20)0.060