Preventive Effects of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Extract on Bone Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo

Figure 2

The effect of Chrysanthemum coronarium on osteoblast differentiation in the murine preosteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. (a) MC3T3-E1 cells were incubated with 50 μg ascorbic acid (AA) and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) along with (C) coronarium. CC for 4 d alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected by measuring the protein concentration. (b) MC3T3-E1 cells were incubated with 50 μg AA and 10 mM β-GP along with CC for 21 d mineralized nodules were assessed by means of Alizarin red S staining. The mineralized nodules were visualized under a microscope. Scale bar, 200 μm. (c) Alizarin red O optical density was assessed. (d) Cells were treated with different concentrations of CC for 4 d, and the cell viability was measured. ND, nondifferentiated. Data are represented as means ± SD, n = 3, compared with the control group, and and compared with the AA- and β-GP treatment group. CC increases the expression of osteoblast-related genes.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)