Preventive Effects of <i>Chrysanthemum coronarium L.</i> Extract on Bone Metabolism <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>

<div>The effect of <i>Chrysanthemum coronarium</i> on osteoblastic gene expression in the murine preosteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. (A–E) MC3T3-E1 cells were incubated with 50 <i>μ</i>g ascorbic acid (AA) and 10 mM <i>β</i>-glycerophosphate (<i>β</i>-GP) at various concentrations for 2 d The total RNA of the cells was extracted, and the mRNA expression of the (a) alkaline phosphatase (ALP), (b) runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), (c) receptor activator nuclear factor- <i>κ</i>B ligand (RANKL), and (d) osteoprotegerin (OPG) genes and the (e) OPG/RANKL ratio was assessed using RT-qPCR. RNA expression levels were normalized to those of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). ND, nondifferentiated. Data are represented as means ± SD, <i>n</i> = 3, <svg height="14.9569pt" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-3.429399pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5275 49.4726 14.9569" width="49.4726pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M457 455H370L403 612H360L326 455H218L252 612H210L175 455H77L68 394H161L132 257H31L20 196H117L77 19H120L159 196H268L230 19H272L311 196H402L412 257H325L355 394H447L457 455ZM313 394L283 257H175L204 394H313Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.946,0)"><path d="M570 304C570 398 525 448 414 448C385 448 343 445 312 434L329 511L321 518C297 504 262 482 244 460L233 411C195 397 159 381 128 358L135 332C160 347 189 360 224 373L111 -147C97 -210 84 -218 17 -231L13 -257L254 -247L259 -218L233 -216C183 -212 177 -202 189 -142L218 -1C238 -10 266 -12 283 -12C351 3 429 48 483 105C543 168 570 242 570 304ZM482 289C482 161 380 33 304 33C278 33 248 51 233 69L303 396C326 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Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: Preventive Effects of <i>Chrysanthemum coronarium L.</i> Extract on Bone Metabolism <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> 

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Preventive Effects of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Extract on Bone Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo

Figure 3