Group versus Individual Acupuncture (AP) for Cancer Pain: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial
Table 2
Mean and SE of primary outcomes obtained from linear mixed effects models and the noninferiority margins and difference in change rate from baseline to posttreatment (ITT sample).
Outcome
Intervention
Time-point
Mean (SE)
Noninferiority margin
Change
Effect size (cohen D)
Grouptime F, value (sig)
Difference in change (95% CI) (group-individual)
BPI interference
Individual
Pre
4.24 (0.34)
−1
0.98
0.48
3.02,
1.03 (−0.15–2.20)
Post
3.26 (0.34)
Group
Pre
4.92 (0.37)
2.01
1.06
Post
2.91 (0.43)
BPI interference- PHYSICAL
Individual
Pre
4.49 (0.40)
−1.27
1.04
0.44
0.73,
0.56 (−0.76–1.90)
Post
3.45 (0.43)
Group
Pre
4.89 (0.43)
1.60
0.70
Post
3.29 (0.49)
BPI interference- psychological
Individual
Pre
4.01 (0.34)
−1.14
0.91
0.46
5.22,
1.39 (0.17–2.60)
Post
3.10 (0.37)
Group
Pre
4.93 (0.37)
2.30
1.29
Post
2.63 (0.43)
BPI severity
Individual
Pre
4.76 (0.27)
−0.81
1.52
0.89
1.51,
0.52 (−0.33–1.38)
Post
3.24 (0.29)
Group
Pre
4.96 (0.29)
2.04
1.29
Post
2.92 (0.34)
A positive value indicates a change in the desired direction or reduction in pain scores from baseline to postintervention.
