Rhein Suppresses Neuroinflammation via Multiple Signaling Pathways in LPS-Stimulated BV2 Microglia Cells

Figure 2

Effects of Rhein on TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. The cells were untreated (control) or pretreated with Rhein/DMSO for 30 min, followed by LPS stimulation (1 μg/mL) for 48 h. (a) Immunofluorescence staining of cells was indicated by TNF-α antibody (red) and IL-1β antibody (green). DAPI (blue) was stained for visualization of nuclei. (b, c) The ELISA result histogram of TNF-α and IL-1β. (d) The WB bands (e, f) The WB result histogram of TNF-α and IL-1β. (g, h) Effects of Rhein on mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. The mRNA expression was analyzed using RT-qPCR, with β-actin as reference gene. Data represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. , , and .

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