Rhein Suppresses Neuroinflammation via Multiple Signaling Pathways in LPS-Stimulated BV2 Microglia Cells

Figure 7

Diagrammatic sketch of Rhein as a potential therapeutic agent against neuroinflammation. Rhein significantly attenuated the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and iNOS in LPS-induced BV2 cells and enhanced the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In addition, antineuroinflammatory effects are associated with inhibition of PI3K/Akt, p38, ERK1/2, and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.